東南亞籍女性新移民之子女在族群自我認同與族群態度上之表現

Ethnic Self-Identification and Ethnic Attitudes in Children of Southeast Asian Female Immigrants in Taiwan

鍾才元(Tsai-Yuan Chung) ； 林惠蘭(Hwui-Lan Lin)

《人口學刊》 51期 (2015/12) Pp. 95-134

https://doi.org/10.6191/JPS.2015.51.03

摘要

本研究旨在探討臺籍男性與原籍東南亞之女性聯姻之子女在族群自我認同與族群態度上之表現以及此二者與自尊之關聯性。研究對象為78位國小五、六年級學生，其母親均為來自東南亞之新移民。學生們在問卷上勾選自己的族群身分，在態度量表上表達對父方與母方族群之主觀感受，並填答一份自陳式自尊量表。研究發現如下：一、新移民子女中，雙族群認同者的比例最高（48位；61.5%），其次為父方族群認同者（18位；23.1%）及情境身分認同者（10位；12.8%）；母方族群認同者與邊緣身分認同者各只有1位。二、新移民子女之族群態度受其族群自我認同型態與族群分類（父方vs.母方）的交互作用影響。雙族群認同者對父方族群之評價高於情境身分認同者；父方族群認同者對母方族群之評價低於雙族群認同者。三、整體而言，新移民子女之族群態度愈趨於正向者，其自尊亦有較好的表現，然就族群自我認同型態間進行比較時，雙族群認同者之自尊表現優於父方族群認同者。根據以上發現，研究者針對新移民子女族群自我認同與族群態度之影響因素加以討論，並對後續研究與實務工作提出建議。

關鍵字

族群自我認同 ； 族群態度 ； 自尊 ； 東南亞女性移民 ； 新移民子女

並列摘要

The present study examines the ethnic self-identification, ethnic attitudes, and self-esteem of children from families of Taiwanese males and Southeast Asian female immigrants in Taiwan. Subjects were 78 5thto 6th-grade elementary school students, who responded to a questionnaire inquiring about their self-ascribed ethnic identity, ethnic attitudes (how they evaluated paternal and maternal ethnic groups), and self-esteem (how they thought of themselves). Results showed that 48 of 78 (61.5%) children identified themselves as bi-ethnic, 18 (23.1%) as exclusively paternalethnic, and 10 (12.8%) as situational; only one child identified herself as exclusively maternal-ethnic, and one child as belonging to neither group. Furthermore, it was found that these children's ethnic attitudes were affected by the interaction of ethnic self-identification and ethnic categorization. Specifically, the bi-ethnic children displayed significantly more positive attitudes toward their paternal ethnic group than did children of situational identity, and displayed significantly more positive attitudes toward the maternal ethnic group than did children of paternal-ethnic identity, who in particular demonstrated conspicuously differential attitudes toward parental ethnic groups. Finally, children who held more positive attitudes towards the paternal or maternal ethnic group tended to report better self-esteem; however, when comparisons were made among these children, the bi-ethnic children reported significantly greater levels of self-esteem than did children of paternal-ethnic identity. Factors contributing to diversities of ethnic selfidentification and ethnic attitudes as well as implications for future research are discussed.

並列關鍵字

ethnic self-identification ； ethnic attitudes ； self-esteem ； Southeast Asian female immigrants ； children of immigrants

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