歐盟自動駕駛車之發展策略與法律規範

EU Development Strategy and Legal Control of Automated Vehicles

洪德欽(Der-Chin Horng)

《歐美研究》 50卷2期 (2020/06) Pp. 349-431

https://doi.org/10.7015/JEAS.202006_50(2).0007

摘要

人工智慧（AI）結合數位科技之發展，自2010年之後已逐漸應用於自駕車產業。自駕車的發展將帶來創新的功能與機會，也會影響各國的交通結構以及人類的生活方式。自駕車對各國經濟、社會、倫理、生活等方面帶來新的問題與挑戰。自駕車法律建構因此扮演一項重要因素，以規範自駕車的發展秩序、創新研發、安全標準、風險責任、公平競爭與貿易機會等法律關係。汽車乃歐盟一項重要產業，歐盟相當重視自駕車之發展。本文研究歐盟自駕車的發展策略及法律規範，以了解歐盟自駕車發展過程遭遇哪些問題，又採取哪些因應政策？歐盟自駕車安全要求以及智慧交通系統又如何規範及建構？歐盟自駕車建制有哪些特徵、意涵、影響，同時又能提供臺灣哪些參考及啟示。

關鍵字

自駕車 ； 安全要求 ； 歐盟 ； 移動聯網 ； 智慧交通系統

並列摘要

Automated vehicles (AVs) have been an emerging industry in line with the development of artificial intelligence (AI), digital technology, and connected mobility since 2010. These technologies arrived suddenly on the market, and their future development is expected to accelerate. AVs promise many opportunities and benefits, but also pose many challenges regarding their social impact and the transport system. Regulation plays a key role in the development of AVs in the EU, ensuring AV safety, delineating legal responsibilities, privacy and consumer protection, risk control, fair competition, market access, public confidence, etc. The EU has paid a great deal of attention to AV because the automobile industry is crucially important to the European economy. This paper examines the development strategy and legal framework for AV in the EU, particularly focusing on the following core issues: the concept of AV, development, strategy, safety requirements, opportunities and challenges of the AV, the formation of Intelligent Transport System, the specific features of the EU's AV regulation and policies, the significance and impact of the same, and any implications for Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

automated vehicle (AV) ； safety requirements ； EU ； connected mobility ； Intelligent Transport System (ITS)

參考文獻

李寧修 (2020)。〈個人資料合理利用模式之分析：以健康資料之學術研究為例〉，《臺大法學論叢》，49, 1: 1-50。(Lee, N.-H. [2020]. Analysis of the reasonable use of personal data mode: Using the application of health data in academic research as an example. National Taiwan University Law Journal, 49, 1: 1-50.) https://doi.org/10.6199/NTULJ.202003_49(1).0001

黃詩淳、邵軒磊 (2019)。〈人工智慧與法律資料分析之方法與應用：以單獨親權酌定裁判的預測模型為例〉，《臺大法學論叢》，48, 4: 2023-2073。(Huang, S.-C., & Shao, H.-L. [2019]. The application of artificial intelligence and legal analytics: Focused on decisions regarding child custody. National Taiwan University Law Journal, 48, 4: 2023-2073.)

洪德欽 (2008)。〈消費者權利在歐盟基改食品標示之規定與實踐〉，《歐美研究》，38, 4: 509-578。(Horng, D.-C. [2008]. Consumer rights in the GM food labelling—EU law and practice. EurAmerica, 38, 4: 509-578.)

吳漢東 (2017)。〈人工智能時代的制度安排與法律規制〉，《法律科學》(西北政法大學學報)，35, 5: 128-136。(Wu, H.-D. [2017]. Insti-tutional arrangements and legal regulation in age of artificial in-telligence. Science of Law [Journal of Northwest University of Political and Law], 5: 128-144.) https://doi.org/10.16290/ j.cnki.1674-5205.2017.05.012

Bagloee, S. A., Tavana, M., Asadi, M., & Oliver, T. (2016). Autono-mous vehicles: Challenges, opportunities, and future implications for transportation policies. Journal of Modern Transportation, 24, 4: 284-303.