社會交換視角下的信任－性別與異質性的社會資本

Trust from the Perspective of Social Exchange: Gender and Heterogeneous Social Capital

楊天盾(Tien-Tun Yang) ； 熊瑞梅(Ray-May Hsung) ； 杜業榮(Ye-Rong Du) ； 盧科位(Ke-Wei Lu)

《歐美研究》 50卷2期 (2020/06) Pp. 433-481

https://doi.org/10.7015/JEAS.202006_50(2)0008

摘要

信任涉及人類生活的層面很廣，小至人與人的互動、個人經濟交易行為，大至個人對政府的認同，都需要以信任為基礎。社會學家、政治學家、經濟學家，甚至神經科學家都有涉入信任的研究，然而鮮少有跨領域之間的合作。本研究結合實驗經濟學的實驗法，從社會交換的過程來探討信任行為的建立。研究發現，在信任交換的過程中，當互惠性愈高，雙方交換的風險降低，個體愈願意給予對方信任。而性別上的差異，更多展現在異質性的社會資本上。當社會資本異質性低時，男女的差異不大，但社會資本的異質性高時，男生就顯著的給予更多的信任。

關鍵字

社會交換 ； 信任 ； 異質性的社會資本 ； 風險 ； 信任賽局

並列摘要

Trust involves the wide range of aspects of social life, including personal economic transactions, an individual's recognition of government authority, business and trade conducted between different organizations. Sociologists, political scientists, economists, and even neuroscientists have all researched trust, but their work seldom draws on interdisciplinary cooperation. Therefore, this study combines behavioral economics with social network and social capital theory to interpret the various operational mechanisms responsible for trust behaviors. The results show that the more heterogeneous the social capital possessed by boys, the more trust they are willing to invest in processes of trust exchange. In trust exchanges, there is a significant influence on mutuality as individuals (trustors) are more willing to invest trust when, in a previous round, trustees received greater rewards.

並列關鍵字

social exchange ； trust ； heterogeneous social capital ； risk ； trust game

參考文獻

熊瑞梅 (2014)。〈社會資本與信任：東亞社會資本調查的反思〉，《臺灣社會學刊》，54: 1-30。(Hsung, R. M. [2014]. Social capital and trust: Reflections on data from the East Asia social capital survey. Taiwanese Journal of Sociology, 54: 1-30.)

Alesina, A., & La Ferrara, E. (2002). Who trusts others? Journal of Public Economics, 85: 207-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047- 2727(01)00084-6

Baron-Cohen, S., Knickmeyer, R. C., & Belmonte, M. K. (2005). Sex differences in the brain: Implications for explaining autism. Science, 310, 5749: 819-823. https://doi.org/10.1126/science. 1115455

Baumgarte, R., & Nelson, D. W. (2009). Preference for same- versus cross-sex friendships. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 39: 901-917. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2009.00465.x

Baumgartner, T., Heinrichs, M., Vonlanthen, A., Fischbacher, U., & Fehr, E. (2008). Oxytocin shapes the neural circuitry of trust and trust adaptation in humans. Neuron, 58, 4: 639-650. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.neuron.2008.04.009