Dietary Intake of PCDD/Fs and Dioxin-Like PCBs from Fresh Foods around Taiwan

本計畫之研究目的主要為建立台灣地區各類型食物中多氯戴奧辛/呋喃（PCDD/Fs）和擬似戴奧辛多氯聯苯（dl-PCBs）背景濃度值。若以每克脂質計算多氯戴奧辛/呋喃濃度，在1,029件食物樣本中，濃度最高者為鴨蛋（1.956 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat），其次是牛肉（1.263 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat）和蛋類製品（1.067 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat），而最低則為葡萄籽油（0.068 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat）。食物中擬似戴奧辛多氯聯苯濃度最高者為牛肉（0.782 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat），其次是鴨蛋（0.632 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat）和羊肉（0.506 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat），最低則為花生油（0.011 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat）。而年齡介於6至12歲的男孩和女孩終生平均日暴露劑量分別為0.70和0.62pg WHO-TEQ(下標 PCDD/Fs+dl-PCBs)/kg bw/day；13至18歲男性和女性青少年分別為0.34和0.30 pg WHO-TEQ(下標 PCDD/Fs+dl-PCBs)/kg bw/day；19至64歲男性和女性成人分別為0.33和0.31 pg WHO-TEQ(下標PCDD/Fs+dl-PCBs)/kg bw/day；65歲以上的男性和女性年長者分別為0.42和0.37 pg WHO-TEQ(下標 PCDD/Fs+dl-PCBs)/kg bw/day。依各類食物中多氯戴奧辛/呋喃/擬似戴奧辛多氯聯苯含量對人體貢獻之百分比來看，最大貢獻來源主要為肉類、魚類和魚貝類加工製品，尤其是成人（男性：51.6%；女性：47.5%）和年長者（男性：64.8%；女性：61.8%）。在台灣空品區和肉類食品中多氯戴奧辛/呋喃濃度分布上發現，竹苗地區牛肉和羊肉之多氯戴奧辛/呋喃濃度最高，而基北桃地區多氯戴奧辛/呋喃濃度最高則為羊肉、鴨肉和鵝肉。台灣各空品區中牛肉、羊肉和鵝肉之多氯戴奧辛/呋喃和擬似戴奧辛多氯聯苯濃度分布相當一致。本研究亦發現於2004至2008年間，牛乳中戴奧辛的平均濃度隨著台灣地區戴奧辛排放總量同步下降。結論，一般而言，除了偶發性牛肉或羊肉之多氯戴奧辛/呋喃污染事件外，台灣食物中多氯戴奧辛/呋喃和擬似戴奧辛多氯聯苯對人體健康所產生的危害並不高，本研究亦建議畜牧區周遭環境中戴奧辛濃度應持續監視。

關鍵字

背景濃度；多氯戴奧辛/呋喃；擬似戴奧辛多氯聯苯；食物；每日攝取量

並列摘要

This study investigated the background levels of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) in fresh foods around Taiwan. In 1,029 foodstuffs, the highest PCDD/F level based on per gram fat was found in duck eggs (1.956 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat), followed by beef (1.263 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat), and egg products (1.067 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat), and the lowest was in grape seed oil (0.068 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat). The highest dl-PCB level was found in beef (0.782 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat), followed by duck eggs (0.632 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat), and mutton (0.506 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat), and the lowest was in peanut oil (0.011 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat). The average intake of boys and girls (＞ 6, ≤ 12 years old) were 0.70 and 0.62 pg WHO-TEQ(subscript PCDD/Fs + dl-PCBs)/kg bw/day, respectively; for adolescents (＞ 13, ≤ 18), 0.34 (male) and 0.30 (female) pg WHO-TEQ(subscript PCDD/Fs + dl-PCBs)/kg bw/day, respectively; for adults (19-64), 0.33 (male) and 0.31(female) pg WHO-TEQ(subscript PCDD/Fs + dl-PCBs)/kg bw/day, respectively; and for seniors (＞ 65), 0.42 (male) and 0.37 (female) pg WHO-TEQ(subscript PCDD/Fs + dl-PCBs)/kg bw/day, respectively. The greatest contribution (%) to the total daily intake came from meat fish, and fishery products, especially in adults (men: 51.6%; women: 47.5%) and seniors (men: 64.8%; women: 61.8%). In the Hsinchu-Miaoli area, PCDD/F concentrations were found the highest in beef and mutton, while in Keelung-Taipei-Taoyuan area the highest in mutton, duck, and goose. The distribution of dl-PCB concentrations in beef, mutton, and goose meat throughout Taiwan showed a similar trend with PCDD/Fs. The mean dioxin level in milk concurrently decreased with total dioxin emissions in Taiwan between 2004 and 2008. It is concluded that, generally, PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in food pose little health risk in Taiwan, except for occasionally high PCDD/F levels in beef and mutton. These data suggested that the environment near where the livestock was raised should be examined.

並列關鍵字

background levels ； PCDD/Fs ； dioxin-like PCBs ； foods ； daily intake

參考文獻

Liem, A. K. D, Fürst, P. and Rappe, C. 2000. Exposure of populations to dioxins and related compounds. Food Addit. Contam. 17: 241-259.

Focant, J. F., Eppe, G., Pirard, C., Massart, A. C., Andre, J. E. and De Pauw, E. 2002. Levels and congener distributions of PCDDs, PCDFs and non-ortho PCBs in Belgian foodstuffs. Assessment of dietary intake. Chemosphere 48: 167-179.

van Leeuwen, F. X., Feeley, M., Schrenk, D., Larsen, J. C., Farland, W. and Younes, M. 2000. Dioxins: WHO's tolerable daily intake (TDI) revisited. Chemosphere 40: 1095-1101.

European Commission. 2001a. Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee of 24 October 2001. Community Strategy for Dioxins, Furans and Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Off. J. Eur. Comm. C322.

Chen, H. L., Su, H. J., Hsu, J. F., Liao, P. C. and Lee, C. C. 2008. High variation of PCDDs, PCDFs, and dioxin-like PCBs ratio in cooked food from the first total diet survey in Taiwan. Chemosphere 70: 673-681.

國際替代計量

Dietary Intake of PCDD/Fs and Dioxin-Like PCBs from Fresh Foods around Taiwan

全文下載

主題瀏覽