九二一大地震災區臨時收容所環境衛生狀況調查

Assessment of the Environmental Health Conditions of the Temporary Shelters in Disaster Areas After the "921 Earth2quake, Taiwan"

王根樹(Gen-Shuh Wang) ； 詹長權(Chang-Chuan Chan)

《台灣公共衛生雜誌》 20卷2期 (2001/04) Pp. 153-165

https://doi.org/10.6288/TJPH2001-20-02-09

摘要

目標：透過災區居民收容所地訪視作業，評估大地震過後一個月內災區各居民收容所環境衛生狀況。方法：參與調查人員於地震後分兩次前往台中縣及南投縣受地震影響較嚴重的主要鄉鎮市災民收容所進行現地訪視工作，依據災民收容所環境衛生狀況快速評估調查表調查及評估各災民收容所之飲水、食物供應、癈棄物處理、病媒等環境衛生狀況。結果：依據兩次訪視共四十九個場次之調查結果顯示，地震後瓶裝水的大量提供及各義工團體的充分支援使各災民收容所在飲用水及熱食餐點供應方面能充分滿足需要；除少數收容所外，大地震後兩星期多數收容所在垃圾收集與處理、環境衛生消毒方面尚能滿足基本需求，避免過度髒亂的情形發生；但在營區居住環境的規劃、臨時廁所與淋浴設施之供應、排泄物收集與處理、營區防火措施等方面則有相當之改善空間。兩次訪視之間各臨時收容所在公共盥洗設施、公共煮食區、公共廁所之供應上有所改善；但由於收容人數增加，在廢棄物之臨時貯存場所、病媒防治及營區防火措施上未能積極改善。結論：由於缺乏經驗與準備，衛生行政體系對於重大災難後居民臨時收容所之公共衛生因應措施缺乏一個具體可行的執行架構。突然發生的921大地震促使環保及衛生行政體系建立處理重大天然災害有關災民收容所各項環境衛生狀況的機制及經驗，此種經驗對於災難發生後建立災民收容所並維持其環境衛生狀況所需之應變體系及行政支援準則應有所助益。(台灣衛誌2001；20(2):153－165)

關鍵字

921大地震 ； 臨時收容所,環境衛生 ； 快速評估

並列摘要

Objectives: After the earthquake of September 21st, 2000 in central Taiwan, we have organized a team of public health experts from the College of Public Health in National Taiwan University to assess the environmental health conditions of the shelters in the disaster areas. Methods: A rapid assessment protocol was used to monitor the general environmental conditions, food safety, water quantity and quality, sanitaion, and pathogenic insects in the temporary shelters of the disaster areas. Results: Forty-nine temporary shelters in earthquake area were visited during the emergency and sheltering periods. Basic life sustaining items such as food and bottled water were in sufficient supply with good sanitary preparations two weeks after the earthquake. Waste disposal was also appropriate in most shelter after the quake. However, the number of fire protection devices, toilets, and showers did not meet demands in most shelter areas in the second week after the quake. The situations improved after the third week and the conditions did not cause public health problems. Conclusions: In conclusion, much has been learned from the unprecedented experience of the “921 earthquake” in terms of how to assess and control environmental health problems after a major disaster. After the 921 earthquake, both environmental protection and health administration agencies have learned to set up standardized operation protocols and mechanisms for establishment of temporary shelters. This experience can help us to get better prepared for future disasters.(Taiwan J Public Health. 2001;20(2);153-165)

並列關鍵字

921 earthquake ； temporary shelters ； environmental health condition ； rapid assessment protocol.