地震的健康效應

Effects of Earthquakes on Health

林宜平(Yi-Ping Lin)

《台灣公共衛生雜誌》 20卷2期 (2001/04) Pp. 93-111

https://doi.org/10.6288/TJPH2001-20-02-04

摘要

地震不但會直接引發外傷或死亡，對災區居民短期與長期的生理及心理健康也有不同的影響。地震所引起的外傷或死亡，受性別、年齡、建築物類別等因素影響，傷亡的主要原因是建築物倒塌。地震的短期生理健康效應，主要是猝死與心血管疾病，有關地震後心血管疾病的死亡、罹病與各項危險因子的變化，都有研究報告。此外，長期追蹤研究的結果顯示，災區居民的地震經驗與心跳和尿酸的長期變化有關，地震後半年內所有疾病及心臟病的死亡人數增加，而高血壓、糖尿病與關節炎等慢性疾病的發生，也與地震的受損情形有關。至於地震對心理及社會層面的影響，則包括創傷後壓力疾患、一般心理健康狀及社會網絡的變遷等，都有研究報告。(台灣衛誌2001；20(2):93－111)

關鍵字

地震 ； 受傷 ； 死亡 ； 罹病 ； 心理健康

並列摘要

Earthquake causes injury and mortality. short-term physical effects, long-term physical effects, and psychosocial effects. Previous studies indicate that age, gender, and types of building are the major determinants of injury and mortality in an earthquake. The short-term physical effects of earthquakes include sudden death and cardiovascular diseases. The correlation of earthquakes and morbidity, mortality, and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases have been reported. Longitudinal studies suggest that heart rate and uric acid are correlated with subjects' earthquake experiences. An Armenian cohort study reports the increase of deaths from all causes and from heart disease within six months of an earthquake. Morbidity of high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and arthritis also increases after the earthquake. The psychosocial effects of earthquakes include posttraumatic stress disorder, general psychological morbidity, and social network disturbances.(Taiwan J Public Health. 2001 ;20(2):93-111)

並列關鍵字

earthquake ； injury, ； mortality ； morbidity ； mental health.