目標:本研究在調查環境荷爾蒙化學物質─壬基苯酚在台灣河川水質及底泥之環境殘留,並探討其對雄鯉魚之內分泌干擾生理效應。方法:本研究於台灣40條河川採得107個水樣,及其中6條河川採得19個底泥樣品,以密閉容器盛裝攜回實驗室內,以毛細管柱氣相層析質譜儀,檢測分析水樣及底泥樣品中所含之壬基苯酚濃度。此外,並在實驗室內,將雄鯉魚以壬基苯酚暴露二週,觀察四週,再以酵素免疫分析法檢測魚體血漿中之卵黃前質濃度,據以探討對生物之內分泌干擾生理效應。結果:台灣40條河川河水壬基苯酚平均檢出率54.2%,陽性樣品平均濃度4.87ug/L(0.89-50.0ug/L);以南部河川較為嚴重,其檢出率77.4%,陽性樣品平均濃度7.54ug/L(1.08-50.0ug/L)。底泥平均檢出率在6條河川為74%,陽性樣品平均濃度2,625ug/kg dry wt(250-8,580ug/kg dry wt);北部河川比南部嚴重。但可能由於微生物好氧細菌分解之差別,各河川、河段變異極大。雄鯉魚於壬基苯酚暴露後第二週即發現血漿內之卵黃前質濃度明顯增加(8.21-12.22ug/mL),約為空白對照組之8倍;第四週為5.38-75.36ug/mL,其中餵飼處理者為空白對照組之46倍,壬基苯酚確具干擾生物內分泌生理效應。結論:台灣地區由於衛生下水道普及率偏低,含非離子界面活性劑之清潔劑所衍生之壬基苯酚,已形成台灣河川嚴重污染,宜加強源頭管制,並加速衛生下水道之建設。
Objectives: The purpose of this research was to survey the residual nonylphenol, one of the endocrine disruptors, in fivers and sediments in Taiwan. The potential endocrine disrupting effect on male carp was also investigated. Methods: A total of 107 water samples from 40 rivers and 19 sediment samples from 6 rivers in Taiwan were collected for measuring nonylphenol using capillary GC/MSD. USEPA 525.2 method was adapted for treating water samples and the ROC-EPA method NIEA R8IS.20B for sediment samples. As for the fish assay: male carps were exposed to nonylphenol for two weeks and followed up for four weeks. Vitellogenin in fish plasma was examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the evaluation of biological endocrine disruption effect. Results: Nonylphenol was detected in 54.2% water samples with an average concentration of 4.87 ug/L , in the range of 0.89 to 50.0 j1g/L. The detectable rate was the highest for rivers of southern Taiwan (77.4%) with an average concentration of 7.54 ug/L. in the range of 1.08 to 50.0 ug/L, In the sediment of six rivers, the chemical was found in 74% samples with an average concentration 2625 f1g/kg dry wt, in the range of 250 to 8580 ug/kg dry wt. The detected concentrations varied among rivers and among different sections in a river. For fishes that exposed to water with 40 ug/L nonylphenol, vitellogenin in study fish plasma, ranged from 8.21 to 12.2 j1g/mL was about eight times higher than that of controls, by two-week follow-up. After four weeks, the vitellogenin contents rised to 5.38-75.4 J.1glmL. For fishes fed with nonylphenol,the vitellogenin level was 46- times higher than for control group. Conclusion: These data suggest that nonylphenol in river water and commercial detergents has a potential harmful impact on the environment and public health in Taiwan.
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