單次跌倒與反覆跌倒之盛行率與相關因素探討－以都會區老人為例

Prevalence and Associated Factors of a Single Fall and Recurrent Falls in an Urban Elderly Population

張念慈(Nien-Tzu Chang) ； 楊南屏(Nan-Ping Yang) ； 李建賢(Chen-Hsen Lee) ； 周碧瑟(Pesus Chou)

《台灣公共衛生雜誌》 27卷4期 (2008/08) Pp. 330-340

https://doi.org/10.6288/TJPH2008-27-04-07

摘要

目標：探討台灣都會區的老人單次跌倒與反覆跌倒之盛行率及其相關因素。方法：本研究是以社區為基礎的調查研究法，以1999-2002年設籍並居住在台北市北投區年滿65歲以上的老人為研究樣本，總共4,056人完成跌倒事件調查及問卷訪查。再透過單變項分析及多變項邏輯斯迴歸分析，以嘗試建立跌倒預測模式。結果：都會區老人一年內曾經跌倒的比例為13.8%；單次跌倒的盛行率是10.0%，反覆跌倒是3.8%。女性不論是單次跌倒或反覆跌倒的盛行率都顯著高於男性。多變項邏輯斯迴歸分析顯示單次跌倒的主要相關因子為性別、關節炎、精神疾患和視力障礙等病史。多變項分析顯示反覆跌倒顯著相關的因子包括：性別、糖尿病、心臟病、關節炎、精神疾患等病史。結論：本研究發現女性、關節炎病史、精神疾患病史是台灣都會區老人單次跌倒和反覆跌倒的共同相關因素。視力障礙與單次跌倒有關，而糖尿病和心臟病等慢性病況則與反覆跌倒有關。

關鍵字

單次跌倒 ； 反覆跌倒 ； 老人

並列摘要

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of a single fall and recurrent falls among the elderly in an urban community in Taiwan. Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study involving interviews with residents aged 65 years and over was conducted in Beitou, Taipei, Taiwan, between 1999 and 2002. A total of 4,056 subjects completed a structured questionnaire that included items on falling episodes and possible associated factors. Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between falls and possible related factors. Results: Among the elderly urban residents who participated in this study, 13.8% had experienced falls in the preceding year; the prevalence of a single fall and recurrent falls were 10.0% and 3.8%, respectively. Females were found to be much more susceptible to falls than males (p＜0.001). Multiple logistic regression showed that female gender, history of arthritis, psychiatric disorder, and visual impairment were the major factors associated with a single fall, while female gender, history of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, and psychiatric disorder were the major factors associated with recurrent falls. Conclusions: Falls were prevalent among elderly residents of the urban community studied. Females and several medical conditions were found to be associated with falls in this population, with arthritis and psychiatric disorder being related to both a single fall and recurrent falls.

並列關鍵字

a single fall ； recurrent falls ； the elderly

參考文獻

Huang TT(2005).Home environmental hazards among community-dwelling elderly persons in Taiwan.J Nurs Res.13,49-57.

黃少君、陳曾基、周碧瑟(2005)。石牌地區老年人跌倒累積發生率及其相關因素之探討。台灣衛誌。24，136-145。

林茂榮、王夷暐(2004)。社區老人跌倒的危險因子與預防。台灣衛誌。23，259-271。

林茂榮、蔡素蘭、陳淑雅、曾信嘉(2002)。台灣中部某鄉村社區老人跌倒之危險因子。台灣衛誌。21，73-82。

American Geriatrics Society(2001).Guideline for the prevention of falls in older persons. American Geriatrics Society, British Geriatrics Society, and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Panel on Falls Prevention.J Am Geriatr Soc.49,664-672.