國小低年級學童家長對其子女接種流感疫苗意向之轉變情形及其相關因素分析－以雲林縣學童家長為例

A Study of the Changes in Parental Intent to Approve Influenza Vaccine Inoculation for Their low-grade Primary School Children in Yunlin County

許淑雲(Shu-Yun Hsu) ； 廖宏恩(Hung-En Liao) ； 洪百薰(Baai-Shyun Hurng) ； 林柏煌(Po-Huang Lin) ； 高昆裕(Kun-Yue Kao) ； 王俊毅(Jiun-Yi Wang)

《台灣公共衛生雜誌》 29卷4期 (2010/08) Pp. 326-336

https://doi.org/10.6288/TJPH2010-29-04-06

摘要

目標：96年政府首度將國小一二年級學童納入流感疫苗免費接種實施對象，本研究在97年疫苗未開打前，調查學童家長對其子女接種流感疫苗的意向，並探討影響家長轉變意向之相關因子。方法：97年5至6月間採二階段集群抽樣，以結構式問卷調查雲林縣24所國小共1,125名家長。結果：96年子女有接種的家長佔57.9%，其中有7.7%在97年轉而不同意其子女接種流感疫苗；而96年子女未接種者則佔42.1%，其中有51.4%在97年轉而同意其子女接種流感疫苗。援引健康信念模式，並經由多項式羅吉斯迴歸分析發現，學童就讀私立學校、父母教育程度較高、未收到接種同意書及須知，對家長願意讓其子女接種疫苗的意向有負面影響；而家長自我效能較高、接種疫苗之利益性較高或障礙性較低、情境感受較強，則對家長意向有正面影響。結論：建議衛生單位可結合社區醫療網絡，藉由醫師的專業角色，提升家長對接種流感疫苗的認知與態度。並可針對未繳交同意書或不同意接種的家長，透過電話提醒和說明，降低其障礙信念。政府亦可利用大眾傳播宣導施打流感疫苗的重要性及優點，並公佈疫苗相關資訊，以澄清民眾對疫苗安全上的疑慮，提升民眾對疫苗接種的意願。

關鍵字

流行性感冒 ； 疫苗接種 ； 健康信念模式 ； 行動線索

並列摘要

Objectives: The government initiated a voluntary, free influenza vaccination program for lowgrade primary school students in 2007. This study was done before the inoculation program started in 2008 and investigated parental intent with regard to their children's inoculations and identified factors associated with a change in parental intent. Methods: Identified by two-stage cluster sampling, 1125 parents from 24 schools in Yunlin County were recruited and interviewed with a structured questionnaire in May and June, 2008. Results: Children of 57.9% of the parents had been inoculated in 2007. Among these parents, 7.7% changed their minds and now would not allow their children to have inoculations in 2008. On the other hand, 42.1% of the parents did not allow their children to have inoculations in 2007. Among these, 51.4% changed their minds and would allow their children to have inoculations in 2008. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that children attending private schools, a higher level of parental education, and failure to receive letters of notice and consent were negative factors associated with parental intent to vaccinate their children. The perceptions of higher benefits or lower barriers to inoculation, higher self-efficacy, and perceptions of a higher inoculation rate were all shown to be positively associated with parental intent. Conclusions: We suggest Health Bureaus to exploit physician resources in the network of community medical groups to enhance parental knowledge about and belief in inoculation, and remind those parents who did not receive notification or did not allow their children to have inoculations of the availability of this information. The government can promote the importance and advantage of inoculation via mass communications, and publish related information about influenza vaccine in order to eliminate public doubt about the safety of the vaccine and to let parents have strong intent to vaccinate their children.

並列關鍵字

influenza ； vaccine inoculation ； health belief model ； cues to action

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