雲嘉南地區大氣細懸浮微粒濃度與交通污染源相關性分析

Correlation of atmospheric fine particulate matter with traffic sources in Yun-Chia-Nan area in Taiwan

黃淑倫(SU-LUN HWANG) ； 林裕清(YU-CHING LIN) ； 蕭光佑(KUANG-YU HSIAO) ； 林玠模(CHIEH-MO LIN) ； 紀妙青(MIAO-CHING CHI) ； 黃友珊(YU-SHAN HUANG)

《台灣公共衛生雜誌》 38卷1期 (2019/02) Pp. 19-30

https://doi.org/10.6288/TJPH.201902_38(1).107104

摘要

目標：大氣細懸浮微粒（fine particulate matter, PM_(2.5)）濃度可能受交通污染源的影響，本研究以台灣雲嘉南地區為研究地區，探討大氣PM_(2.5)與交通污染源的關係。方法：分析行政院環境保護署空氣品質監測站之PM_(2.5)數據及機動車密度登記資料。研究區域為雲林縣、嘉義縣市與台南市。以敘述性統計（平均值、中位數、最小值和最大值）分析PM_(2.5)濃度、氣象因子與機動車密度；以斯皮爾曼等級相關（Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient）探討PM_(2.5)濃度、氣象因子與機動車密度的相關性；以複迴歸分析機動車密度對PM_(2.5)濃度的影響。資料分析期間為2015年1至12月。結果：2015年雲嘉南地區PM_(2.5)平均濃度為26.4μg/m^3，冷季（11～4月，35.0μg/m^3）高於熱季（5～10月，17.8μg/m^3）。機動車平均密度分別為380.1（汽車）與734.8（機車）輛／平方公里。機動車密度雖與PM_(2.5)濃度呈正向關係但未達統計顯著，溫度為影響雲嘉南地區PM_(2.5)濃度之重要因子。機動車密度對PM_(2.5)的影響可能存在區域差異性。台南市：汽車密度每增加1輛／平方公里，PM_(2.5)增加0.762μg/m^3。嘉義市：機車密度每增加1輛／平方公里，PM_(2.5)增加0.362μg/m^3。嘉義縣：汽車密度每增加1輛／平方公里，PM_(2.5)增加0.977μg/m^3。雲林縣：汽車密度每增加1輛／平方公里，PM_(2.5)增加1.030μg/m^3。結論：溫度為影響雲嘉南地區大氣PM_(2.5)濃度的重要因子。交通污染源對雲嘉南地區PM_(2.5)的影響可能存在區域差異性，值得後續深入探討。

關鍵字

雲嘉南 ； 細懸浮微粒 ； 機動車密度

並列摘要

Objectives: Levels of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM_(2.5)) may be affected by the traffic sources. This article explores correlations between the PM_(2.5) level and traffic sources in Yun-Chia-Nan area in Taiwan. Methods: Data regarding PM_(2.5) levels and motor vehicle density in 2015 were obtained from Environmental Protection Administration monitoring stations and Environmental Resource Database, respectively. The study area covers four southwestern districts of Taiwan: Yunlin County, Chiayi City, Chiayi County, and Tainan City. Mean, median, minimum, and maximum values for PM_(2.5) levels, meteorological variables, and motor vehicle densities were calculated. The relationship between PM_(2.5), meteorological variables, and motor vehicle density was estimated using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. A multiple linear regression model was used to explore the associations of PM_(2.5) with motor vehicle density. The study duration was January-December 2015. Results: In 2015, the annual mean PM_(2.5) level was 26.4 μg/m^3; PM_(2.5) levels were higher in the colder season (November-April; 35.0 μg/m^3) than in the hotter season (May-October; 17.8 μg/m^3). The motor vehicle densities were 380.1 car/km^2 and 734.8 motorcycle/km^2. The relationship between motor vehicle density and PM_(2.5) level was positive, but nonsignificant. Temperature was the major factor influencing the PM_(2.5) levels. Moreover, the effects of motor vehicle density on the PM_(2.5) level varied geographically: for every 1-car/km^2 increase, the PM_(2.5) level increased by 0.762, 0.362, 0.977, and 1.030 μg/m^3 in Tainan City, Chiayi City, Chiayi County, and Yunlin County, respectively. Conclusions: Temperature is the major factor influencing PM_(2.5) levels in Yun-Chia-Nan area in Taiwan. The effect of traffic sources on PM_(2.5) level might have geographic variation. Further relevant research is warranted.

並列關鍵字

Yun-Chia-Nan ； fine particulate matter ； motor vehicles density

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