工會發展社會企業之模式：以新加坡全國職工總會為例

A Social Enterprise Model Developed by Trade Union: Taking National Trade Union Congress of Singapore as an Example

邱騰穎 ； 劉黃麗娟

《勞資關係論叢》 19卷1期 (2017/06) Pp. 49-86

摘要

本文旨在透過新加坡全國職工總會發展社會企業的模式，解析工會如何藉發展社會企業為手段，達致其社會目標。研究方法上採個案研究、深度訪談與文獻分析，探討新加坡全國職工總會發展社會企業之目的、方式與影響。研究結果發現：社會目標上，新加坡全國職工總會為使勞工運動長遠發展，從政治權力的展現深化至社會影響力的實踐，以合作社拓展照顧勞工的觸角。發展方法上，其在國家合作經濟體制與事業／工會分治的基礎上，投入自由市場營運。社會影響上，能在兼顧經濟與環境永續的同時達到調節民生物價，提升勞工生活之目的。本文建議政府應重新檢視我國第三部門發展歷程，找出符合文化底蘊與發展經驗的社會企業施政方向；另建議工會應在社會公益與分配正義上展現社會性，以社會經濟事業強化工會運動。

關鍵字

合作社 ； 社會企業 ； 社會與團結經濟 ； 第三部門 ； 新加坡全國職工總會

並列摘要

This study aims to analyse a social enterprise model developed by the National Trade Union Congress of Singapore (NTUC) and to find out how trade unions achieve their social goals by the use of social goods created by social enterprises. The findings in this research show that NTUC commits to promote the labour movement in Singapore by creating cooperatives to provide better services for the workers. The other part of findings demonstrates that Singapore equipped with a well-designed legal system, necessary education and culture for the fostering of social and solidarity economy. In addition, NTUC SEs are not operated and managed by the union leaders themselves but professional managers. All these have made NTUC SEs strong enough to compete in a free market, and enable them to moderate the costs of essential goods, which upgrade the quality of workers' life. In comparing with the social enterprise development in Taiwan, the study suggests that the government would need to clarify the development model and to review the historical and cultural context of local practices before promoting social enterprises. Trade unions should express their social commitments by making contributions in workers' welfare and by realizing a world of work with distributive justice.

並列關鍵字

Cooperative ； National Trade Union Congress (Singapore) ； Social and solidarity economy ； Social enterprise (SE) ； Third sector