急停垂直跳的下肢力學差異

Comparison biomechanical effect on stop jumping movement in different distance

戴偉勳(Wei-Hsun Tai) ； 林建志(Jian-Zhi Lin) ； 陳重佑(Chung-Yu Chen)

《體育學報》 51卷4期 (2018/12) Pp. 453-462

https://doi.org/10.3966/102472972018125104004

摘要

緒論：跳躍表現受到動作的負荷改變影響，而利用跳躍過程的負荷變化進行訓練也是一種有效的方式，本研究主要探討急停跳躍對垂直跳表現的影響，並進一步比較下肢運動學與動力學差異，方法：實驗以16名大專手球運動員（身高169.5 ± 4.5公分、體重67.8 ± 7.0公斤與年齡20.7 ± 1.4歲）為自願的實驗參與者，要求實驗參加者以隨機方式執行原地垂直跳、0.5 m及1 m急停垂直跳等三種工作。以VICON三度空間影像分析系統（200Hz）與Kistler測力板（1000Hz）同步收集動作過程的運動學與地面反作用力資料，研究的統計方法為重複量數單因子變異數分析與HSD法事後比較（α = .05）。結果：結果顯示，跳躍高度未隨著距離的增加而提昇（p = .069），下蹲階段急停跳的下肢關節活動範圍顯著小於原地垂直跳（p ＜ .001），踝關節的情況則是剛好相反（p ＜ .001）。而下蹲階段的關節角速度顯示出急停跳組高於原地垂直跳（p ＜ .001），且急停跳的下蹲時間也顯著小於原地垂直跳（p ＜ .001），髖與膝關節的蹬伸力矩在急停跳工作時顯著高於原地垂直跳（p＜ .001）。結論：急停跳距離越大時下蹲階段的重心水平速度越快，且急停跳動作能增加垂直跳動作的負荷，建議1公尺距離的急停垂直跳動作可作為下肢爆發力訓練的內容。

關鍵字

垂直跳 ； 牽張縮短循環 ； 生物力學

並列摘要

Introduction: Vertical jump performance was influenced by lower extremity loading, previous studies indicated that it is a effective way for lower extremity power training by manipulated loading of jumping. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of stop jumps on the performance of vertical jump Methods: Sixteen division I male handball players, were recruited as the voluntary participants in this study. Participants were asked to perform counter movement jump (CMJ), 0.5 m and 1 m stop jump to vertical jump in random order. The kinematic and kinetic data were collected by VICON 3D motion analysis system with 8 cameras (set at 200 Hz sampling rate), and two Kislter force platforms (set at 1000Hz sampling rate). The kinematical and ground reaction forces data were synchronized acquire by using Nexus motion capture software. Repeated measure one-way ANOVA and HSD post-hoc were adopted to analyze the statistical difference with an alpha level of .05. Results: The results showed that there were no difference on the performance of vertical jump (p = .069). In downward phase, the lower extremity joint range of motion were showed significantly smaller in stop jumps (p ＜ .001), except for ankle was in contrast (p ＜ .001). And angular velocity of lower extremity were showed significantly greater and faster in stop jumps (p ＜ .001), also the duration of downward phase was significantly shorter in stop jumps than CMJ (p ＜ .001). The extension torques in hip and knee of stop jumps were significantly higher than CMJ (both p ＜ .001). The ankle power of CMJ in push off phase was showed significantly higher than stop jump (p ＜ .001). Conclusion: In downward phase, the horizontal velocity of COM increased when stop jump distance increase. Stop jump to vertical jump tasks increased lower extremity loading. We suggest 1m stop jump to vertical jump tasks may improve jump training for lower extremity explosive.

並列關鍵字

vertical jump ； stretch-shortening cycle ； biomechanics

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