Japan has recently taken measures against aging to reduce its impact on the country. Accordingly, clinicians have introduced the concept of locomotive syndrome, which identifies the risk of requiring nursing care due to a decline in motor function. If locomotive syndrome is detected and treated early, the quality of life in the elderly can be improved or maintained. In this paper, we describe the development, measurement methodology, relevant literature, and treatment of locomotive syndrome in Japan. Current studies have identified that women are more likely to develop locomotive syndrome than are men. Meanwhile, physiology studies have found that individuals with locomotive syndrome have a low bone density and muscle mass. Additionally, individuals who eventually develop locomotive syndrome often have experienced a high fall and exhibit poor balance, slow walking speed, small stride length, and poor quality of life. Finally, we offer insights into the development of beneficial health promotion policies and programs for elderly people in Taiwan.
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