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資料科學對地理學發展之影響

The Impacts of Data Science on the Discipline of Geography

摘要


近年來大數據的出現,以及人工智慧技術與資料科學的快速發展,為地理學的研究開啟一扇新的大門,成為繼1960年代地理計量革命之後,將再一次引領地理學研究的大突破。資料科學是近幾年來快速興起的跨領域學科,因著大數據的出現及人工智慧技術的精進,透過資料分析、機器學習與深度學習技術,資料科學家能夠協助企業決策者,建立相當精確的商業預測模型,提升企業的獲利能力,對於企業決策具有極高的應用價值。在科學研究上,資料科學也扮演相當重要的腳色,透過大數據分析,在生物科學、新藥發現、地球科學研究、氣候變遷預測、地理學研究、水災預警、傳染病預警上,近年來都有突破性的發現與應用。地理學是研究人與環境互動關係的科學,因此地理問題的研究,需要收集大量的地理時空資料,進行深入的分析,了解問題並找出解決問題的策略與方法。資料科學的進展與大數據的出現,可以提供地理學家更好的研究工具與資料,因此地理學家需要具備最新資料科學的訓練,尤其是大數據分析與人工智慧技術的掌握,更是重要的關鍵,本文提出大學地理學教育內容的改進策略與建議,期盼能培養具有資料科學素養的下一代地理學家,不但能提升地理科系畢業生就業競爭力,也能提升地理學研究成果對社會的貢獻。

並列摘要


The rising of big data, artificial intelligence and data science has open a new frontier for geography in recent years. It has the potential to become the second quantitative revolution in geography since the first quantitative revolution of 1960s. Data science is a new emerging interdisciplinary research and application field which benefited from the rising of big data and artificial intelligence techniques. Many private enterprises are using data scientists to improve their business decision-making processes and increase business profit. In scientific research fields, data science is also making huge contribution in terms of scientific finding and prediction models development in the fields of biological science, earth science, climate change research, geographic research, health research, and other related science. Geography is the study of relationship between human activities and nature environment. Geographic research is heavily depend on the collection and analysis of geospatial data. It is estimated that 80 percent of all the human created data are geospatial data. Therefore, geography and data science are closely related. Geography can benefit from the recent development of data science. Therefore, geographic education curriculum should emphasize the training on data science related techniques, which are not sufficient in current geographic education curriculum. A strategy is proposed in this paper on how to improve geographic research and geographic education curriculum.

參考文獻


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