犯罪隱語是一種語言變異現象,藉由改變共通語裡的「能指」與「所指」,達到隱藏真意、秘密溝通的目的。臺灣地區犯罪隱語相關文獻不僅數量少,且以國語及閩南語為主,客語則付之闕如。有鑑於此,本研究調查苗栗看守所4男1女客籍收容人犯罪隱語運用情形,並透過問卷調查與深度訪談蒐集客語發音之犯罪隱語。本研究從漢語修辭學及「概念隱喻理論」分析這些犯罪隱語的修辭表現及認知過程。調查結果如下:第一、修辭類型以特指、比喻、借代為主。第二、表現特點具有「一詞多義」及「異名同指」現象,案件類型及監獄生活為主要表現語境。第三、客語發音之犯罪隱語明顯較少,但出現以閩南語及客語「仔」尾詞所形成具方言色彩的犯罪隱語。第四、犯罪隱語的構詞方式以偏正結構為主,並出現帶有「榔、宣、馬、窯、條」等詞根的特殊詞彙群。第五、犯罪隱語的認知理解機制透過概念隱喻理論可以獲得極佳的詮釋與理解。
With an aim to hiding real meanings and communicating secretly, criminal argots, a kind of language variants, convert 'the signifier' and 'the signified' in the common language. Previous research of criminal argots in Taiwan put its emphases on Mandarin Chinese and Southern Min; little attention has been paid to Hakka. For this reason, this study recruited five Hakka inmates (4 males and 1 female) from Miaoli Correctional Institution, and investigated criminal argots by a self-made questionnaire and in-depth interviews. This study analyzed the collected criminal argots from the perspectives of Chinese rhetoric and Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). Results are stated as follows. First, for rhetorical types, criminal argots occur mainly in specified names, metaphors and metonymy. Second, criminal argots display the phenomena of polysemy and homotypic synonym, and are related to the cases of criminal types and lives in prison. Third, criminal argots derived from Hakka are much less than those from Mandarin Chinese and Southern Min. Criminal argots are morphologically featured with the suffixation of Southern Min [a^(53)] and Hakka [e^(31)]. Fourth, criminal argots mainly occur in the attributive structure, and a specific group of words, lang (榔), xuan (宣), ma (馬), yao (窯), tiao (條), were found to come with a series of criminal argots respectively. Fifth, criminal argots can be cognitively explicated and realized by different types of metaphoric structures under CMT.
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