走進層層密室－親密關係性暴力的定義態樣、盛行率與工作挑戰之文獻回顧

Walking into a private room -A Systematic Literature Review of Definitions, Prevalence, and Challenges of Intimate Partner Sexual Violence

廖美蓮(Miriam Mei-Lin Liu)

《東吳社會工作學報》 37期 (2019/12) Pp. 81-118

摘要

性暴力與性騷擾是一個嚴重的全球性公共衛生議題以及人權議題。將網路科技運用在親密關係的性暴力犯罪的情況，這幾年間日益增加也愈趨複雜。本文的目的是介紹「親密關係性暴力」這個概念，過去親密關係性暴力被認為是親密關係中的一種性虐待／暴力類型，因而被忽略，亦低估性別暴力與數位科技之間的關聯性與發展趨勢。實證研究指出，親密關係的兩人中同時發生肢體暴力和性暴力，是屬於一種獨特的受害形式，與單獨的親密關係暴力不盡相同。本文期待藉由系統性文獻回顧方法，以EBSCOhost資料庫平台、ProQuest及JSTOR資料庫為主，以「親密關係性暴力」關鍵詞，搜尋2013年至2017年國外文獻，篩選後獲13篇英文文獻，逐一閱讀題目及摘要過濾符合之文獻後，透過爬梳不同研究者所使用的詞彙、定義的理解與盛行率計算的關連性，最後萃取並整合結果，有助於精進評估工作，省思家庭暴力暨性侵害防治相關實務的社工教育，以及親密關係被害人保護性的實務工作訓練，正視並省思此世紀性的巨大議題將造成的衝擊，並能提早準備以回應社會變遷，同時對當前工作挑戰提出三項反思：（1）意識到數位科技與父權制度之共謀關係。（2）看不到不代表不存在－親密關係的性暴力被身體的傷擋住。（3）從治癒走到預防－跨專業合作的必要。

關鍵字

系統文獻回顧 ； 親密關係性暴力 ； 性暴力 ； 科技促進性暴力 ； 網路約會

並列摘要

Sexual violence and sexual harassment are serious global public health and human rights issues. The sexual violence in intimate relationships due to the internet technology is increasing and becoming more complicated. This article introduces the concept of ＂sexual violence in intimate relationships＂. In the past, sexual violence in intimate relationships is often ignored because it is considered as a type of sexual abuse/violence. Also, the relevance of internet technology and sexual violence is underestimated. Empirical research shows that in an intimate relationship, the co-occurrence of psychical violence and sexual violence between two people is a unique form of suffering, which is differ from the form that only one appearing alone. This article uses systematic literature review in EBSCO research databases, ProQuest databases and JSTOR databases to search papers about ＂Intimate partner sexual violence＂ during 2013 to 2017. Through analyzing the words, definitions which are used by different researchers and prevalence of sexual violence in intimate relationships, it will improve the practical training of domestic violence and sexual assault prevention to social workers. Thus, there are 3 reflections that social workers are facing now during their work: (1) Awareness of conspiracy between internet technology and patriarchy. (2) You can't see it, but it doesn't mean that it doesn't exist-sexual violence in intimate relationships behind body wounds. (3) From healing to prevention-Development of interdisciplinary cooperation.

並列關鍵字

systematic literature review ； intimate partner sexual violence ； technology-facilitated sexual violence ； online dating

參考文獻

Bergen, R. K. (2006). Marital rape: New research and directions. National resource Center on Domestic Violence. Retrieved from: https://vawnet.org/sites/default/files/materials/files/2016-09/AR_MaritalRapeRevised.pdf

Beydoun, H. A., Beydoun, M. A., Kaufman, J. S., Lo, B. & Zonderman, A. B. (2012). Intimate partner violence against adult women and its association with major depressive disorder, depressive symptoms and postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Social Science & Medicine, 75(6), 959-975.

Black, M. C., Basile, K. C., Breiding, M. J., Smith, S. G., Walters, M. L., Merrick, M. T., Chen, J., & Stevens, M. R. (2011). National intimate partner and Sexual Violence Survey: 2010 summary report. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/nisvs_report2010-a.pdf

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Breiding, M. J. (2015). Prevalence and characteristics of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence victimization—National intimate partner and sexual violence survey, United States, 2011. American Journal of Public Health, 105(4), 11-12.