論內丹修證之防危慮險－以伍柳丹法為中心的考察

Study on the Precaution Against Dangers While Self-Cultivating Nei Dan- Based on the Examination of 'Wu Liou Tan Fa'

孫嘉鴻(Sun Chia-Hung)

《宗教哲學》 80期 (2017/06) Pp. 57-81

https://doi.org/10.6309/JORP.2017.06.80.57

摘要

在丹道修煉中，防危慮險是成敗的關鍵。所謂：「慮險防危，金丹之大事也」。丹道修煉古來向有『九難十魔』之說，北宗尤重煉心、煉志，煉性等『煉己』功夫。傳統上內丹修證有一套完整的操作方式與技術手段。因此明師傳道，都要特別指出用功時的種種危險，提前預防，以免生害。它的傳授需要明師具體指導和個人在修證過程中細心體會。著者基於多年修證經驗，希望能夠從修道的內在體驗出發，進而以伍柳丹法為中心對內丹防危慮險進行專題的研究，期能對內丹修證做出一種契於修道現象本來意義的闡釋。本論文以伍柳丹法為中心考察內丹修證之防危慮險，因其敘訴最為精詳透徹，論述身心變化及其效應，次第分明，其不藏私、度眾的精神為前人所未見。自明末清初以後，流傳甚廣、影響深遠，故以其為為中心考察比較諸家論述，期能對內丹修證有進一步的瞭解。並結合諸家說法融會貫通，且用現代觀點對它進行整理和研究，使它產生現代意義。

關鍵字

內丹 ； 伍柳丹法 ； 防危慮險 ； 道教 ； 氣功

並列摘要

In the process of the self-cultivation of Nei Dan, the key of success lies on the precaution against dangers. It is said, 'The precaution against dangers is essential for Nei Dan.' There has been an old saying, 'Nine real tests and ten devils would be encountered in the process of self-cultivation of Nei Dan.' There are a complete procedure and approach. Bei Zong put great emphasis on the self-cultivation of heart, concentration and essence. Hence, while preaching, the masters pointed out the precaution against the diverse dangers of self-cultivation so that students would not get hurt. The explicit guidance of masters as well as the sensitive learning experience of students are needed to get the essence. Based on Wu Liou Tan Fa, this paper aims at interpreting, with the aid of author's personal experience of self-cultivation for years, Nei Dan's precaution against dangers. By means of the examination of 'Wu Liou Tan Fa', the instructions of preventing dangers were the most precise and comprehensive. The change as well as the effect of body and mind were explicitly stated in an open and friendly way, which was unseen in the past. Therefore, it has been widely spread and has had a deep influence ever since the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. Those are the reasons why this paper is centered on 'Wu Liou Tan Fa'. It is hoped that, after comparing diverse theories, we can not only further understand Nei Dan's self-cultivation but also give it the modern value.

並列關鍵字

Nei Dan ； 'Wu Liou Tan Fa' ； Precaution Against Dangers ； Taoism ； Chi-Kung