論老子所說的道與無、自然、無為－憑藉劉笑敢教授的《老子哲學的思想體系：一種模擬性重構》一文進行探討

Discussion about Lao Zi's ＂Taoism＂, ＂Non-being＂, ＂Natural＂, and ＂Inaction＂ - According to Professor Liu Xiaogan's The Ideological System of Lao Zi's Philosophy: An Analog Reconstruction

王西平(Wang Xiping)

《宗教哲學》 89期 (2019/09) Pp. 43-76

https://doi.org/10.6309/JORP.201909_(89).0003

摘要

“道”是宇宙萬物、人類社會生成、演進的總根源、總根據，是有本體的真實存在，是“形而上”與“形而下”、物質與精神的統一體。老子用“無”這個概念來描狀、表述“道”的存在狀貌，不是什麼都沒有，只是人的肉眼看不見而已，實則是真真正正的“有”。自然，是自然而然，是道的屬性、性能，是 “道”生成、演化宇宙萬物、人類社會的法則、規律，老子概括為“道法自然”。“道”生成、演化宇宙萬物、人類社會過程，是“無為而無不為”，是“自然而然”的法則的體現。“無為”是“無為而無不為”的省略語，是老子的政治主張和人類行為規範。宇宙萬物、人類社會自然而然生成、演進總的驅動之勢，任何外力是難以阻擋的。但由“道”所生成的宇宙萬物、人類社會中的個體、群體存在物，皆有其生存的外部環境，不受外力干預、影響，絕對不可能。道、無、自然、無為、道法自然等概念，極具哲學內涵和意義。它們之間的關係，已經構成了完整、嚴密的哲學思想體系。“重構”，是對《老子》文本的誤讀、誤解所致！

關鍵字

道 ； 無 ； 自然 ； 無為 ； 道法自然

並列摘要

＂Taoism＂ is the beginning of the universe, the evolution of human society, and the ontological reality. It is the unity of ＂Metaphysical＂ and ＂Physical＂, also as materialistic and spiritual. ＂Non-being＂ doesn't mean there is nothing. Just because people cannot see by naked eyes, Lao Zi uses ＂Non-being＂ this concept to describe the existence of ＂Taoism＂. Therefore, it's actually being in the world. ＂Nature＂ is naturally the property and attribution of ＂Taoism＂ and is the laws of evolution in human society, so Lao Zi summarizes as ＂Tao follows nature＂. ＂Taoism＂ generates and evolves the universe and human society, so it is ＂inaction and all action＂ and is the representation of ＂Natural＂. ＂Inaction＂ is the brief of ＂Inaction and all action＂, and it is also the political views and behavioral norms in Lao Zi's mind. The generation of universe and the evolution of human society cannot be prohibited by any external forces. But the universe and human beings generated by ＂Tao＂ all rely on surrounding environment and can be impacted by external forces. ＂Taoism＂, ＂Non-being＂, ＂Natural＂, ＂Inaction＂ and ＂Tao follows nature＂ all have deeply philosophy connotation and significant meaning. The relationship between them has already formed a completed and rigorous philosophy system. Thus, ＂Reconstruction＂ is the misunderstanding and misinterpretation of Lao Zi.

並列關鍵字

＂Taoism＂ ； ＂Non-being＂ ； ＂Natural＂ ； ＂Inaction＂ ； ＂Tao follows nature＂ ； ＂Reconstruction＂