身體活動對注意力缺失過動症兒童行為與認知之影響

Effect of Physical Activity on Behavior and Cognition in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

黃瑞祥(Jui-Hsiang Huang) ； 葉啟斌(Chi-Pin Yeh) ； 詹元碩(Yuan-Shuo Chan)

《大專體育》 141期 (2017/06) Pp. 43-51

https://doi.org/10.6162/SRR.2017.141.06

摘要

注意力缺失／過動症 (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD) 已被相關研究證實在額葉紋狀體呈現異常，這與多巴胺和正腎上腺素分泌不足有很大關聯。近期研究發現運動介入對於ADHD 兒童腦部神經機制具有正面效益，因此本文統整分析相關國內外文獻，目的是以認知神經科學觀點來切入，探討運動對於ADHD 兒童行為與認知之影響。首先藉由回顧運動與認知功能之相關研究，接著探討身體活動對於兒童認知發展影響，並分析運動介入對ADHD 兒童之行為情緒、知覺認知方面的效果，以及單次急性運動後所獲得的神經心理表現。結果發現單次急性與長期運動介入對於ADHD 兒童的行為症狀、知覺認知功能與生理機制都有正面影響，中高強度的有氧運動是必要條件，有助於促進ADHD 兒童腦部神經運作機制，進而改善行為與認知功能，運動計畫設計需多元化且結合認知任務需求，增進參與動機及挑戰性。最後，運動介入亦可以立即改善注意力控制，故建議ADHD 兒童進行認知課程前可予以合宜運動介入以促進學習效果。

關鍵字

運動 ； 神經心理 ； 有氧運動

並列摘要

Recently study revealed structural/functional abnormalities of the frontostriatal network, related to a deficiency of dopamine and Norepinephrine, is the core deficits of symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Exercise has positive effect on neural mechanism in Children with ADHD in rencently study. The purpose of this article is to examine the literature on effect of exercise on behavior and cognition in children with ADHD from the perspectives of neurocognition. We reviewed the articles about the benefits of physical activity (PA) on cognitive development during childhood, and discussed the effect of exercise intervention on behavioral problem, cognition, and discussed post-exercise performance of acute exercise on neuropsychological test. Based upon these scientific literatures, we propose an approach that employs moderate-high intensity and aerobic PA with cognitive demand to promote brain growth, which lead to the improvement of behavior inhibition and cognition deficit in children with ADHD. Otherwise, acute exercise may be helpful for attention control in children with ADHD before scholastic academic class.

並列關鍵字

exercise ； neuropsychology ； aerobic exercise

參考文獻

詹元碩、何金山、吳湘涵(2011)。注意力不足過動症兒童的心理生理機轉與運動訓練效益。大專體育。114，69-75。

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