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論憲法審判機關審理範圍之擴張-兼論德國聯邦憲法法院法第78條第2句之規定

Extended Review by Constitutional Court- with Discussion of § 78 Sentence 2 of Act on the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany

摘要


司法院大法官作為司法機關,解釋憲法、審查法令合憲性時,本應受不告不理原則之拘束;然而以司法院釋字第445號解釋為濫觴,大法官於多號解釋中就與聲請案件有關但聲請人未聲請之標的做出解釋。本文首先就大法官釋憲程序之性質討論大法官擴張審理範圍之容許性-即大法官能否與一般法院不同,就聲請人未聲請之標的做成解釋-以及合法要件-即大法官倘擴張審理範圍,其要件與得擴張之範圍為何。其次,介紹德國聯邦憲法法院法第78條第2句關於德國聯邦憲法法院擴張審理範圍之規定:聯邦憲法法院得於宣告聲請標的違憲時,得以同一理由,宣告相似法律之其他條文亦違憲。本文將探討何謂「基於同一理由」?何謂「相似法律之其他條文」?最後,為我國大法官釋憲實務與德國法制上之比較觀察,並提出本文對於大法官擴張審理範圍之看法。

並列摘要


Grand Justice as a judicial organ, should essentially be restricted by the principle of "no trial without complaint" when it interpreting constitution and reviewing the constitutionality of laws. However, starting with Interpretation No. 445, Grand Justice used to review the object law, which was not be complained. This article will firstly discuss the admissibility and conditions, in clouding the requirements and the extending scope. Secondly, to introduce the prescription of article 72 sentence 2 of Federal Constitutional Court Act of Germany: if the Federal Constitutional Court comes to the conclusion the law is unconstitutional, the Federal Constitutional may void the further provisions of the same law, which are unconstitutional for the same reasons. This article will discuss what is "for the same reasons" meaning? What is "the further provisions of the same law"? At last, to compare the praxis of Grand Justice and German law, and submit the opinion.

參考文獻


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