使用都卜勒超音波測量新生兒腦部血流速度

腦部超音波是一項臨床上普遍使用於新生兒的非侵入性神經評估工具，用來了解其神經結構以及血液動力學的情況。近年來物理治療師於新生兒加護病房提供急性期服務的需求增加，針對發展遲緩高危險性新生兒所給予之早期評估以及早期介入工作，需植基於對各項醫療檢查的了解，特別是腦部超音波檢查。本文獻回顧的目的為：⑴介紹使用都卜勒超音波測量新生兒腦部血流速度，包括原理、測量方法以及心理計量性質；⑵回顧罹患各項疾病（呼吸窘迫症、癲癇、開放性動脈導管、腦室內出血、窒息、腦室旁白質軟化）的新生兒的血液動力學表現，以及其與神經發展預後的相關性；以及⑶目前都卜勒超音波研究上的限制，並探討未來應努力的方向。本文的資料將有助於物理治療師藉由超音波檢查提供的資訊，進一步的了解新生兒在腦部生理功能上成熟的情形，並建立相關發展預後評估，俾以設計適合之介入治療計畫。

關鍵字

新生兒；超音波；都卜勒；血液動力學表現；血流速度

並列摘要

Brain ultrasound is a non-invasive assessment commonly used in clinics to examine the anatomic structures and hemodynamic characteristics of the nervous system in infants. In recent years, physical therapists have played an increasingly important role in the neonatal intensive care unit to provide early evaluation and early intervention to infants who are at risk of developmental delay. The work requires understanding of various medical assessments. Of particular importance is brain ultrasound. This review article is aimed for three purposes: (1) to introduce the measurement of neonatal cerebral blood flow velocity by Doppler ultrasound including the principle, methodology and psychometric properties; (2) to describe the hemodynamic features of infants with various diseases (i.e., respiratory distress syndrome, seizure, patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, asphyxia and periventricular leukomalacia) and their relations with developmental outcome; and (3) to discuss the limitations of current application and the potentialities for further research. The reviewed information will help physical therapists understand the maturation and prognosis of the cranial physiologic function by the means of Doppler ultrasound so to design appropriate intervention programs.

並列關鍵字

Newborn ； Ultrasonography ； Doppler ； Hemodynamics ； Blood flow velocity

國際替代計量

使用都卜勒超音波測量新生兒腦部血流速度

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