莿竹生物炭對育苗介質與苗木生長之影響

The effects of Bambus stenostachya biochar on sapling growth and the properties of the growing media

成允聖(Yun-Sheng Cheng) ； 陳財輝(Tasi-Huei Chen)

《林業研究季刊》 40卷4期 (2018/12) Pp. 253-261

摘要

本研究將莿竹（Bambus stenostachya）生物炭以0.25%（5 ton ha^(-1)）、0.75%（15 ton ha^(-1)）與2.25%（45 ton ha^(-1)）的比例施加於森林土壤進行盆栽苗木試驗。目的在於了解莿竹生物炭對森林土壤之物理化學性質，以及對臺灣肖楠（Calocedrus formosana）與牛樟（Cinnamomum micranthum）苗木生長的影響。結果顯示，莿竹生物炭對土壤物理性質具改善效果，土壤總體密度從0.85降低至0.63，孔隙率則從54%增加至65%。然而，對土壤化學性質的影響較無一致性，會受到森林土壤的特性、生物炭添加量及顆粒大小的影響，但實驗組多較對照組好，其中以有效性鉀的變化較顯著。在苗木生長上，不同樹種對莿竹生物炭添加後的反應並不相同，臺灣肖楠在添加0.25%的莿竹生物炭後，其生長量就有顯著的增加，但超過0.25%的添加量後，生長量反而下降；牛樟的生長量則有隨莿竹生物炭添加量增加而升高的趨勢，但統計上沒有顯著的差異。由於莿竹生物炭對土壤物理性質改善效果較佳，未來可針對土壤質地過密，或缺乏通氣、排水等能力的土壤劣化地先進行施用。

關鍵字

生物炭 ； 土壤理化性質 ； 苗木生長

並列摘要

In order to understand the physical and chemical effects of bamboo biochar on forest soils and the growth of Calocedrus formosana and Cinnamomum micranthum saplings, we used biochar made form Bambus stenostachya as an supplement in a potting experiment, by the addition of biochar at 0.25% (5 ton ha^(-1)), 0.75% (15 ton ha^(-1)) and 2.25% (45 ton ha^(-1)). The results showed that Bambus sternostachya biochar have positive effects on soil physical properties (i.e., reduce soil bulk density and increase soil porosity). However, the effects of Bambus sternostacha biochar on soil chemical properties varied depended on the characteristics of forest soils and the amount of biochar added. Overall, applying biochar to soil has a positive effect on soil chemical properties, especially on available potassium. In terms of sapling growth, the effect of Bambus sternostacha biochar differed between species. The growth of Calocedrus formosana saplings is significantly higher with the addition of 0.25% biochar. However, as the amount of biochar increased, the growth of Calocedrus formosana was suppressed. For Cinnamomum micranthum, although the results showed a trend of growth increased as the amount of biochar increased. However, the difference is not significant statistically. Because biochar had a beneficial effects on soil physical properties, it can be applied on land with degraded soils properties, such as land with high soils density that lack of drainage or ventilation abilities.

並列關鍵字

Bambus stenostachya biochar ； soil physical and chemical properties ； sapling growth