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論胡適的「科學方法」-以其《水經注》研究為例

Hu Shi's Conception of Science Method -Taking Hu's Research on the Shuijing zhu as an Example

摘要


自胡適提出科學方法論以來,許多學者提出質疑並修正。他們對胡適的批評主要可以歸為三類:第一,方法過於單一且非科學研究的主要進路;第二,太注重外部條件而忽略內因;第三,太過注重實用性,無法建構抽象、系統性的科學方法論。然而在探討胡適的科學方法內涵時,前人所運用的材料主要是他治學方法與科學觀的講稿或文章。胡適視為科學方法實踐的範例《水經注》案研究則受限於出版年限較晚,又多為片段的札記、表格,反而較少被納入討論。本文從胡適的「戴震、趙一清注本抄襲案」研究出發,發現他對康熙年間注本和四庫館權力結構的關注,其實展現了他如何藉由擴大研究主題、取材範圍,將科學研究的精神應用於人文學科。胡適《水經注》案嘗試了更多面向的研究取徑,試圖屏除主觀因素如戴震的人品,而將論證的焦點擺在共享知識、文本傳鈔與權力結構的討論。通過胡適對《水經注》的研究,或許有助於重新評價胡適的「科學方法」。

關鍵字

胡適 科學方法 水經注 戴震

並列摘要


For many years, Scholars criticized and corrected Hu Shi's conception of science method. They claimed that there are three problems in Hu's statement: First, the way Hu proved his conception is excessively single; Secondly, Hu put too much attention to external reasons of an issue; Third, Hu was unable to conceptualize a metaphysical and systemic scientific methodology. However, they discussed Hu' science method with Hu's statement only, yet ignored the notes Hu applied his conception to a real case, which is his study on Shuijing zhu. This article tried to figure out how Hu Shi study on a case that Dai Zhen was accused that he plagiarized Zhao Yi Qing's commentary on Shuijin zhu. Hu's application showed how he apply his conception of science method to a humanity research case by studying on commentary on Shuijin Zhu in 17-18 century and the organization of si ku guan (四庫館). In this way, we might be able to reconsider Hu Shi's Conception of Science Method.

參考文獻


(北魏)酈道元撰,《水經注》,《武英殿聚珍版叢書》,清乾隆敕刻武英殿聚珍本。
任育德,《胡適晚年學思與行止研究》,新北,稻鄉出版,2018 年。
余英時,《中國近代思想史上的胡適》,臺北,聯經出版社,1984 年。
胡適著、季羨林主編,《胡適全集》,合肥,安徽教育出版社,2003 年。
胡適撰、耿雲志主編,《胡適遺稿及秘藏書信》,合肥,黃山書社,1994 年。

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