彝族傳統生態智慧與吉狄馬加詩歌

Traditional Ecological Wisdom of the Yi Ethnicity and Jidi Majia's Poems

汪樹東(Shudong Wang)

《中國現代文學》 36期 (2019/12) Pp. 45-57

摘要

面對全球性生態危機，人文學者宣導現代性的生態啟蒙，而地方性的生態知識、生態智慧將在生態啟蒙中扮演重要的角色。落實到中國當代生態文學中，少數民族的傳統生態智慧相當重要。吉狄馬加在詩歌寫作中就大力呈現彝族傳統生態智慧，宣導萬物有靈論，歌詠火、水等生命基本元素的靈性，顛覆人類中心主義，刻畫涼山特有的自然生命的詩意面相。他用詩意的筆觸描繪雄鷹、岩羊、雪豹、鬥牛等涼山動物形象，展示其內在生命靈性，反思涼山的狩獵傳統，呼喚惜生護生的生態道德。更值得一提的是，他傳承了涼山彝族特有的土地情結，親近土地，感恩土地，敬畏土地，展示了和利奧波德的大地倫理一樣的廣博境界。吉狄馬加詩歌全面復活彝族傳統生態智慧，無論是對於促進彝族人民的文化自覺，還是對於促進現代人的生態意識覺醒，抑或是對於推進中國當代生態詩歌的創作，都具有重要的意義。

關鍵字

彝族 ； 傳統生態智慧 ； 吉狄馬加 ； 生態批評

並列摘要

Local ecological knowledge and beliefs of ethnic minorities play an important role in contemporary Chinese eco-writing to face border-crossing and globalizing environmental challenge and crisis. In his poems, Jidi Majia vigorously presents the traditional ecological wisdom of the Yi ethnic minority: promoting the animism of all things, chanting the spirituality of fire, water and other basic elements of life, subverting anthropocentrism, and depicting the unique poetic face of natural life in Liangshan Mountain area. He describes the images of eagles, rock sheep, snow leopards, bullfights and other animals with poetic strokes, shows their inner life spirit, reflects on the hunting tradition of the Liangshan region, and calls for the ecological ethics of cherishing and protecting life. Moreover, he inherits the unique landbound mentality of the Yi ethnic group. He is close to the land, grateful for the land, reveres the land, and shows the same broad realm as Aldo Leopold's land ethics. Jidi Majia's poems fully revive the traditional ecological wisdom of the Yi people, which is of great significance not only for promoting the cultural consciousness of the Yi people, but also the awakening of the ecological consciousness and the development of ecological poetry in contemporary China.

並列關鍵字

Yi ethnicity ； traditional ecological wisdom ； Jidi Majia ； ecological criticism

參考文獻

吉狄馬加，《為土地和生命而寫作─吉狄馬加演講集》，上海，外語教學與研究出版社，2013。

吉狄馬加，《吉狄馬加的詩與文》，北京，人民文學出版社，2007。

吉狄馬加，《從雪豹到馬雅可夫斯基》，武漢，長江文藝出版社，2016。

[美國]利奧波德著，侯文惠譯，《沙鄉年鑒》，長春，吉林人民出版社，1997。

[英]湯因比、[日]池田大作著，荀惠生譯，《展望二十一世紀》，北京，國際文化出版公司，1984。