咖啡種類與相關飲品之環境衝擊評估

台灣民眾喝咖啡的數量年年遽增，而飲用咖啡的習慣是否對環境有所影響，目前尚未看到明確系統性分析，尤其國內自產咖啡數量少，多數仍以進口咖啡為主，此飲用習慣與主打吃當地食物以減輕環境衝擊的訴求相反。因此本研究透過生命週期評估軟體SimaPro計算不同產地來源的進口咖啡豆，從產地到本地消費的過程中可能產生的環境衝擊，包含產地來源、運輸（含海運至台灣、公路運輸等），以及烘豆及製作成咖啡飲品等過程。並且比較同品種咖啡豆在各項咖啡飲品，如美式咖啡、拿鐵、卡布奇諾、瑪琪朵、加糖美式中產生的環境影響。經統計，我國2017年前四大進口咖啡豆國家，分別為巴西、印尼、衣索比亞以及哥倫比亞，咖啡品種為阿拉比卡豆及羅布斯塔豆。結果發現運輸或是豆種對於環境衝擊有明顯差異，從哥倫比亞運送的咖啡豆因運輸距離最遠，對環境損害較大。而印尼的豆種不同，相較之下也是有較大衝擊。比較各項飲品，含有牛奶比例越高，造成的環境影響較大；加糖的飲品也較原味對環境影響較大。另外，在豆種方面，結果顯示阿拉比卡豆較羅布斯塔豆的影響較大。

關鍵字

咖啡；生命週期評估； SimaPro 8.5 ；環境衝擊

並列摘要

The number of coffee drinks in Taiwan are rising every year. Currently, the coffee market is dominated by imported coffee beans. The purpose of this study is to understand the environmental impacts of coffee on the environment. The study system is focus on the source of imported coffee beans, transportation, including shipping to Taiwan, road transportation, baking beans, and making a coffee. In this study, we used the life cycle assessment software, SimaPro, to calculate the expected environmental impacts of coffees. The different imported countries and various coffee drinks were compared, such Americano, latte, cappuccino, macchiato, and Americano with sugar. About 95% coffee beans are imported in Taiwan, and the top four imported coffee countries are Brazil, Indonesia, Ethiopia, and Colombia. It was found that transportation or bean seed had significant impacts, and Colombia had the longest transport distance, as well as Indonesian bean varieties, which had a greater impact on the environment. The coffee drinks with more additions resulted in larger impacts; therefore, latte with high proportion of milk led to high environmental impact. Sugared drinks also have a greater environmental impacts than the original flavor. In addition, in terms of bean varieties, the results showed that Arabica beans have a greater impact than Robusta beans.

並列關鍵字

coffee ； life cycle assessment ； SimaPro 8.5 ； environmental impacts

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咖啡種類與相關飲品之環境衝擊評估

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