品種、胎次、配種季節及ESR與CRC基因型對三個品種母豬繁殖性狀的影響

Effects of breed, parity, mating season, and ESR and CRC genotypes on reproductive performance of three breeds sows

羅玲玲(Ling-Ling Lo) ； 楊昀真(Yuan-Cheng Young)

《華岡農科學報》 43期 (2019/06) Pp. 77-96

摘要

採用台灣一家種豬場，應用中國文化大學遺傳育種研究室開發之豬群生產力管理系統（Pig Production Information System, PPIS）所收集2001-2010年包括藍瑞斯（Landrace, L）、約克夏（Yorkshire, Y）及杜洛克（Duroc, D）三個品種共2,229頭母豬，7,618胎的分娩與離乳紀錄，探討ESR與CRC基因型及品種、胎次與配種季節對母豬繁殖性狀的影響。收集的性狀包括出生總仔數（LSB）、出生活仔數（LSA）、21 d窩仔數（LS21）、離乳窩仔數（LSW）、平均出生個體重（ABW）、平均21 d個體重（A21W）及平均離乳個體重（AWW）。所有資料應用SAS PROC GLM程序分析，ESR基因型與品種有關聯（X^2 = 98.81; P ＜ 0.0001），Y母豬ESR有利基因Ｂ的頻率較L母豬高（Y = 0.414 vs. L = 0.072），AB與BB型母豬分娩仔豬較AA母豬的ABW高（P＜0.05）。D母豬CRC基因座之CC型母豬生產仔豬之個體重比TT型母豬高（P＜0.05）。Y母豬的LSB顯著高於其他兩個品種（P＜0.05）；而D母豬LSW則顯著低於L與Y（P＜0.05）。三個品種母豬群在涼季（11月至4月）與夏季（5月至10月）繁殖性能差異顯著，以D母豬影響最多（P＜0.05），涼季配種母豬有較多的窩仔數，暖季配種母豬有較重的A21W及AWW（P＜0.05）。胎次直接影響不同品種母豬的繁殖性能，初產母豬窩仔數與仔豬個體重低於2-5胎，母豬性能達第5胎高峰之後繁殖性能下降。本報告分析影響台灣商用肉豬常用之三個品種母豬群繁殖性能的因子，作為改善台灣母豬生產效率的參考。

關鍵字

品種 ； 胎次 ； 配種季節 ； ESR ； CRC ； 繁殖性狀

並列摘要

Farrowing and weaning records consisted of 2,229 sows and 7,618 litters from a breeding farm in Taiwan were collected between 2001 and 2010 to investigated effects of breed, parity, mating season, and ESR and CRC genotypes on reproductive performance of Landrace, Yorkshire, and Duroc sows. An information system, PPIS, developed from Breeding and Genetics Lab. at Chinese Culture University was implemented at the farm to collect the data. The traits studied were litter size at birth (LSB), litter size born alive (LSA), litter size at 21 d (LS21), litter size at weaning (LSW), average birth weight (ABW), average 21 d weight (A21W), and average weaning weight (AWW). All data were analyzed using PROC GLM of SAS. ESR genotypes were related to breeds (X^2 = 98.81; P ＜ 0.0001). Higher favorable allelic frequency of B in ESR was found in Yorkshire breed (Y = 0.414 vs. L = 0.072), with AB and BB genotype sows farrowed piglets had higher ABW than those of AA sows (P ＜ 0.05). Sows with CC genotype of CRC produced heavier piglets than those TT sows (P ＜ 0.05). Yorkshire sows had higher LSB than other two breeds (P ＜ 0.05) and Duroc sows produced lower LSW than Yorkshire and Landrace sows (P ＜ 0.05). Significant breed difference was detected for reproductive traits between cool (Nov. to Apr.) and warm (May to Oct.) seasons, especially for that of Duroc sows (P ＜ 0.05), with sows mated in cool season had higher litter size while mated in warm season had heavier A21W and AWW of piglets (P ＜ 0.05). Parties of sows were directly affected reproductive traits in different breeds. Sows in parity 1 have lower litter size and body weight of piglets than sows in parities 2-5. As the number of parities increases, reproductive performance also increases, reaching a peak between parities 5-6 then declines. The study examined the factors for improving reproductive performance of sows using the common used three purebreds in commercial crossbreeding system that might useful for pig industry in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

breed ； parity ； mating season ； ESR ； CRC ； reproductive traits