中英庚款會的生產建設事業－以水利與工業爲例

中英庚款會成立後，依據換文規定及中央決議，曾大力贊助國府的水利事業與工業建設。國府受惠於中英庚款基金而完成的水利工程，計有：黃河堵口工程，廣東西江金東金西基圍修理工程和導淮計畫中的邵伯、淮陰、劉老澗三閘工程與張福河疏浚工程等三項。其中導淮的三閘工程尤值得吾人注意，該項工程所運用的新式設備，曾創下我國水利史上一項新記錄。該會對於國府工業建設的贊助，可分爲基本工業與電氣工業兩者。基本工業方面曾借款予中央機器製造廠、溫溪造紙廠；電氣工業方面，則贊助過首都電廠、戚墅堰電廠、中央電氣實驗所、昆湖電廠、中央電工器材廠等，首都電廠並曾爲公營電廠中之典範。不過，中英庚款會基金對基本工業並未發揮太大的功效。平心而論，中英庚款會基金的運作是有相當自主性的，使國府以少數之款，卻能對導淮工程及新辦電氣工業作出貢獻，爲八年抗戰奠定基礎，其成果是值得吾人肯定的。

關鍵字

中英庚款會；導淮工程；李儀祉；溫溪造紙廠；首都電廠

並列摘要

After the establishment of the Board of Trustees for the Administration of the Indemnity Funds remitted by the British Government, a large amount of money had been invested in the national development programs based on the regulations of the Funds and the decision of the Chinese government. The water conservancy projects aided by the Funds included the blocking of the Yellow River outlet, the maintenance of the gateways of the Xi River in Kwangtung, the channelizing of the Huai River at Shaobo, Huaiyin, and Liulaojian watergates, and the dredging of the Zhang Fu River. Among the three projects, the channelizing of the three watergates of the Huai River was particularly noteworthy for it created a new record of using new equipment for water conservancy in China. The Funds also benefited basic industries and electricity industries. The former industries included the Central Machine Manufactory Plant, Wenxi Paper Making Company; and the later included Capital Power Plant, Qisuyuan Electricity Plant, Central Electricity Experiment Bureau, Kunming Lakeside Electricity Works, Central Electrical Equipments Factory, etc. Obviously, the Funds did not help very much in the development of basic industries. Great efforts were made on the development of electricity plants. The conclusion of this paper is that the operation of Funds was quite autonomy and this enabled the Chinese government to have had substantial achievements in water conservancy and electricity industry, thus laying a solid foundation for the eight-year anti-Japanese War.