【特邀稿】《西遊記》與「民間故事類型」之關係試論

The Journey to the West and Its Relation to Typology of Folktales

謝明勳(Min-Hsun Hsieh)

《東華漢學》 27期 (2018/06) Pp. 1-34

摘要

歷來，許多從事《西遊記》研究之學者，在「追本溯源」的認知前提下，多會關心西遊故事之「源流」問題。然當眾人聚焦於「書」、「人」、「事」三者，藉以觀察「西遊」故事之流傳與演變的同時，卻少見有人全面深入關注以「文字」寫定之《西遊》文本。當初，文學創作者（改寫者）所可能運用之眾多資料究竟為何？其所依憑之「多元」創作資料又是來自何方？前人在關注《西遊記》一書之文本敘述、故事內容、文學趣味以及內在意義的同時，對於此項正本清源的工作，無疑是多有忽略，嚴格說來，相關之深入研究實尚有所不足。本文旨在檢視《西遊記》一書所使用之「民間故事類型（含情節單元）」，針對《西遊記》一書如何化用「民間故事」（口承）部分，進行詳細考察。

關鍵字

《西遊記》 ； 民間故事 ； 故事類型 ； 丁乃通

並列摘要

Scholars of The Journey to the West have traditionally concerned with the origins of the story, trying to find related source materials and see how they were developed into the work. However, when ＂book,＂ ＂author,＂ and ＂events＂ are emphasized for the tracing of Journey stories, one important aspect of the process of ＂writing down＂ remains ignored. What were the source materials the author(s)/adapters of the novel might have while he/they was/were composing the novel? Where did they come from? When scholars engage in studies of the narrating, plotting, nuances, and literary significance of the novel, they somehow neglect one indispensable aspect of the writing of the novel itself. This neglect is nevertheless fatal in the proper interpretation of the Journey. This article will look into the typology of the folktales (including the plot units) and analyze how they have been weaved into the Journey.

參考文獻

《論語》（《十三經注疏》本），臺北：藝文印書館，1982。

《孟子》（《十三經注疏》本），臺北：藝文印書館，1982。

《蘇氏演義（外三種）》，北京：中華書局，2012。

（宋）周密《齊東野語》，北京：中華書局，1983。

（明）世德堂本《西遊記》（《古本小說集成》本），上海：上海古籍出版社。