民俗、記憶與認同－從《山東文獻》看外省族群的懷鄉意識與身分建構

Folk, Memory & Identity -Nostalgia Consciousness & Re-construction of Identity of Ethnic Groups, as a case study of Shandong Wenxian Quarterly

洪淑苓(Shu-Ling Horng)

《東華漢學》 27期 (2018/06) Pp. 163-209

摘要

二次世界大戰後，大批「外省人」遷移台灣，他們藉由組織同鄉會，或是發行共同的刊物來聯絡情感。本文以山東同鄉人士發起創刊的《山東文獻》雜誌為研究對象，探討戰後遷台族群對於家鄉民俗的記敘，以及它所具有的意義與價值。《山東文獻》除了名人傳記、口述歷史之外，更多的是有關家鄉民俗的書寫，可藉此了解戰後遷台的外省族群如何將「民俗」作為知識傳承的載體，同時寄寓懷鄉情感與文化認同的意識。《山東文獻》於1975年6月創刊，係季刊形式，2003年3月停刊，前後長達28年，共計出版112期，資料豐富，足夠深入研究。該季刊中的民俗書寫，包含地方名勝與傳說、家鄉飲食、生活瑣憶等文章，可說召喚了同鄉親友的集體記憶，也建構了傳統民俗文化的知識。但自1987年開放返鄉探親後，離鄉與返鄉的情境前後對照，使得在台灣的外省人也面臨身分認同的複雜性。1992年，《山東文獻》增闢「山東人在台灣」專欄，更可窺見其對於「外省人」與「台胞」身分的反思與再建構。而重新解讀《山東文獻》，也為這群「在台灣的」山東人保存歷史的見證。

關鍵字

山東文獻 ； 戰後台灣 ； 民俗 ； 集體記憶 ； 身分建構

並列摘要

Lots of Chinese people moved from China Mainland to Taiwan after World War Ⅱ. They organized the fellow-townsmen association or published their own magazines to maintain their emotions. This paper makes a research of the context of Shandong Wenxian Quarterly (山東文獻) which was initiated by Shandong compatriots. And it explores the interpretation of folk culture about their hometowns and what is the significance and value of these writing works. In addition to celebrity biographies and oral histories, there are more folk culture writings of hometowns in Shandong Wenxian Quarterly. It helps us to understand how the mainlanders who immigrated to Taiwan in the post-war treating the ＂folk＂ as a carrier of knowledge, at the same time, it is a sense of affection and cultural identity. Shandong Wenxian Quarterly began to publish in June 1975 and continued until March 2003. During this 28-year period, 112 volumes were published. It is so rich in content and worthy of deeply studied. The magazines contain many pieces oncerned with subjects such as the landscape, hometown food, and everyday life, which truly expressed the characteristics and memories of a subaltern culture and identity. The writing of folklore here recalls the collective memories of fellow-townsmen, and is an attempt to restructure the knowledge of traditional folk culture. However, since 1987, after returning home to visit relatives, mainlanders in Taiwan are also faced with the complexity of identity. And since 1992, it added the column of ＂Shengdong people in Taiwan＂ that was more improved to understand the reflection and re-construction of their identities between the ＂mainlanders＂ and ＂Taiwan compatriots.＂ Thus when we reinterpret Shandong Wenxian Quarterly is to preserve the historical witness for this group of ＂The Shandong people in Taiwan.＂

並列關鍵字

Shandong Wenxian Quarterly (山東文獻) ； Postwar Taiwan ； Folklore ； Collective Memory ； Re-construction of Identity

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