人巧合天工，新物勝舊物－論清代〈自鳴鐘賦〉西方新物之書寫模式

Transform the Technic into Nature and Tao, and the New Things Exceed the Traditional Things: The Pattern of the Writing in the Series of The Fu of Describing Chime Clock in Qing Dynasty

游勝輝(Sheng Hui You)

《東華漢學》 28期 (2018/12) Pp. 145-180

摘要

舊文體承載傳統的感知與書寫模式，面對來自異國，且背後思維大異中國的西方新事物，將如何運用傳統書寫模式予以表現？尤其是對於以類聚各種名物典實為尚的詠物賦，更是一大挑戰。本文以清代與朝堂、考試密切相關的〈自鳴鐘賦〉為例加以探討，發現：（一）諸賦往往將自鳴鐘運作的機械之「人巧」轉化為代表中國傳統天道觀的「天工」，並引用種種相關陰陽氣化、聯類感應的知識、典故。（二）諸賦皆稱頌來自西方的自鳴鐘遠勝中國傳統計時器，但又將其與後者的發展歷史聯繫起來，彷彿一脈相承，這點依然出自於以古鑑今的傳統時間觀，似乎也因此解消了對於異國的焦慮。由此具體可見，舊文體試圖運用舊的感知、類聚、書寫模式伸縮適應新的事物，既有殊異的趣味，也有最終力有未逮的地方。

關鍵字

清代 ； 西方 ； 自鳴鐘 ； 辭賦 ； 新事物

並列摘要

There are many challenges, especially by the Fu of describing things, which needs to gather many literary quotations, in that how to write new and foreign things by the traditional genres in old epitomes in China. This paper mainly discusses the series of The Fu of Describing Chime Clock, many of which was written because of imperial examinations. The writings of The Fu of Describing Chime Clock usually includes two parts: 1. The authors of the series always expressed ＂technic＂ in chime clock by ＂nature＂ and ＂Tao＂ in Chinese tradition, and quoted many knowledge and allusions to Yin Yang in Chi and associated thinking. 2. The authors of the series expressed that the chime clocks from the western countries were better than the traditional clocks in China. However, they tried to claim that chime clocks have little difference from the traditional clocks in the traditional sense of time in China, and it seemed to reduce the anxiety to the West. In summary, the authors tried to describe new things by the traditional patterns and genres of associated thinking. There are some innovative ideas of the theme, but some shortcomings are considered.

並列關鍵字

Qing Dynasty ； The west ； chime clocks ； Fu ； New things

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