誰的「怯懦」，誰之「兇殘」？－論旅港左翼文壇對朱光潛的批判（1947-1948）

Who is ＂Cowhearted＂ and Who is ＂Ferocious＂?-The Hong Kong Left-wing Literary Arena's Critical Campaign Against Zhu Guangqian (1947-1948)

謝力哲(Li-Zhe Xie)

《東華漢學》 28期 (2018/12) Pp. 181-223

摘要

國共內戰局勢正酣的1947年底至1948年，中共香港文委主導的旅港左翼文壇發起了對國統區著名美學家、自由主義學者朱光潛（1897-1986）的一系列猛烈批判，與此同時，北平和上海兩地的左翼輿論也對他開展了相應的抨擊，一時間形成了港京滬三地「圍攻」的呼應態勢。探究由旅居香港的這批有著明確中共組織背景的文化幹部發起的這次批判，一是可以呈現極左批判模式在中共建政前的「預演」形態，二是得以從朱光潛的身上折射出自由主義文藝和自由主義者在窮途末路、進退失據之際遭受政治污名化的時代困境。這一案例絕不僅僅只反映了一介一名文人在革命激變之際的時代際遇，而是映照、象徵著發端於近代的中國自由主義運動在內戰後期的命運走向。

關鍵字

朱光潛 ； 旅港左翼文壇 ； 自由主義 ； 批判運動 ； 國共內戰時期

並列摘要

From the end of 1947 to 1948, when Chinese Civil War became white - hot, the Hong Kong Left-wing literary arena that leaded by Hong Kong cultural work committee of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) launched a series of critical campaigns against the famous esthetician and liberal literary critic Zhu Guangqian (1897-1986). At the same time, the left-wing public voices in Peiping and Shanghai initiated criticisms to him as well, which has given rise to a ＂siege＂ to Zhu at a certain time. Zhu's experience during this time represents the Liberalism literature in the history of modern Chinese literature came to an end on the Mainland, this individual case also ties closely with the historical predicament of the liberal literates who suffered the political stigma. Probe into this critical campaign conducted by CCP cultural cadres who resided in Hong Kong, it could be able to show the ＂rehearsal＂ of the ultra-Left mode of literary criticism before the establishment of CCP regime, and it can be cognized that the Liberalism literature and liberals have be driven into an impasse by understanding the circumstances of Zhu as well. This example of case not only reflects a literati's encounter in the turbulent revolutionary times, but also symbolizes the fate of Chinese Liberalism movement during the later stage of the Civil War.

並列關鍵字

Zhu Guangqian ； Hong Kong Left-wing Literary Arena ； Liberalism ； Critical Campaign ； Chinese Civil War

參考文獻

〔法〕古斯塔夫•勒龐著，馮克利譯，《烏合之眾：大眾心理研究》，北京：中央編譯出版社，2000。Gustave Le Bon, The Crowd: A study of the Popular Mind, Trans. Feng Keli, Beijing: Central Compilation & Translation Press, 2000.

Gustave Le Bon, The Psychology of Revolution, trans. Bernard Miall, London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1913.

José Ortega y Gasset, The Revolt of the Masses, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1960.

John Storey, Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: An Introduction (Sixth edition), London: Routledge, 2013.

朱光潛，《朱光潛全集》第一卷，合肥：安徽教育出版社，1987。Zhu Guangqian, The Complete Works of Zhu Guangqian Vol.1, Hefei: Anhui Education Press, 1987.