從詞彙借貸中的“借形”論意符文字－以漢語中的日語借形詞為例

本文旨在透過詞彙借貸中的「借形」現象探討意符文字做為語言符號的特質。我們以漢語中的日語借形詞做為觀察對象，從宏觀的認知符號學角度去探討這種非語音的文字符號，如何跨越歷史的演變以及空間的遷移，在不問斷的語言內部結構與外在環境造成的變化之中、依然做為兩種截然不同語言文化之聞思想交流的中介，並且成為兩種語言共有共享的、對外在世，口說的語言才是真正的語言，文字只是記錄語界的認知媒介。多數西方語言學家認為言的工具，但是相較於拼音文字，意符文字除了記錄口語語音之外，還有更重要的認知符號功能。因此，我們從意符借形切入，進一步比較意符文字與拼音文字做為符號的不同特質，以及它們在各自使用者語言心理上的根本差異。藉由這些討論，幫助我們了解人類是如何使用不同的符號媒介一聽覺（語音）的或者視覺（圖像）的一來認識世界。

關鍵字

意符文字；借形詞

並列摘要

In light of the ”written-form borrowing” between Chinese and Japanese, the present study attempts to investigate the characteristics of logography as linguistic signs. Firstly it deals with the phenomenon as how the Chinese logographs have been functioning as a cross-cultural mediator between Chinese and Japanese regardless of their respective historical changes as well as the environmental influences on the two languages. In Western, written signs are generally considered an instrument for recording spoken languages. Logography, however, has not only instrumental functions of this kind, but also plays an important role in cognition for its users. Hence, the Western alphabetic and the Chinese logographic writing systems will be compared in respect of their linguistic properties and psycholinguistic reality when used as cognitive signs. On the basis of the comparison, we will discuss how different speech communities might use different linguistic means, namely the auditory phonetic or the visual pictographic ones, to perceive and capture the world.