歷代紫閣詩與終南山紫閣寺的發展

Tzu-Ko Poetry (since its Burgeoning) in Parallel with the Development of Tzu-Ko Shrine in Chung-Nan Shan

黃運喜(Yu-Xi Huang)

《玄奘佛學研究》 1期 (2004/07) Pp. 95-117

https://doi.org/10.29955/HCJBS.200407.0002

摘要

紫閣寺位於終南山中，可能建立於唐代初期，至清同治元年至六年間（1862─1867）因陜西回變遭回民焚燬。民國三十一年日軍在南京中華門外為建「稻禾神社」挖掘大報恩寺遺址，發現玄奘三藏法師頭骨舍利，經考證得知此頭骨舍利為南京長干寺（原大報恩寺）僧可政得自終南山紫閣寺，紫閣寺之名因此為世人所知。由於紫閣寺位居終南山紫閣山，山勢高峻挺拔、風景秀麗，先有北周時的法藏在此修行，後有唐代時的許多高僧如道宣、楚金、飛錫、慧昭等前往靜修，同時也吸引許多詩人如李白、杜甫、韋應物、白居易、張籍、姚合、顧非熊、張蠙等詩人歌詠讚嘆。唯至宋代開始，歷代僧傳部分較少出現紫閣寺院之名，但有許多文人如李騊、程顥、章惇、康海、王九皋、熊子修、韓期維、王九峰、薛昌朝、王心敬、長松居士、蘭谷等數十人留下詩句，本文從歷代紫閣詩的入手，配合其他史料記載，鉤勒出紫閣寺的發展狀況，也為一代高僧玄奘三藏法師相關聖蹟留下一些泥爪。

關鍵字

紫閣寺 ； 終南山 ； 詩 ； 詩人 ； 朝代

並列摘要

Tzu-ko Shrine is enshrouded in Chung-nan-shan, built in about the early Tang Dynasty, but it was burnt down during the first to the sixth T'ung-chih years (1862-1867) of the Ch'ing Dynasty because of Moslem uprising. In 1942, in clearing up the site of the ruined Ta-pau-en Temple for the construction of Tao-ho Shrine, the Japanese Army unearthed the skull relics of Hsuan Chuang's cremated body. An examination of the holy relics revealed that a monk called Ko-cheng of Ta-pau-en Temple (later changed to Nanking Chang-kan Temple) had brought them back from Chung-nan-shan; Tzu-ko Shrine. Henceforth, Tzu-ko Shrine has overspread its name.Tzu-ko Shrine is nestled in the Chung-nan mountain chain, Tzu-ko-shan, which is sublime, towering, and gorgeous. The sacred retreat attracted hosts of high-ranking or learned monks for religious meditation or moral cultivation, including Fa Tsang in the Northern Chou era as well as Tao Hsuan, Chu Chin, Fei Hsi, Hui Chao, etc., during the Tang Dynasty. In addition, many poets saluted the sacred place with laudatory poems, including Li Po, Tu Fu, Wei Ying-Wu, Po Chu-I, Chang Chi, Tao Ho, Ku Fei-hsiung, Chang Pin, etc.Up to the opening era of the Sung Dynasty, Tzu-ko Shrine or monastory was little mentioned in the biographical accounts of celebrated monks, but myriads of poets paid tribute to the place, including Lee Tao, Ch'eng Hao, Chang Tun, K'ang Hai, Wang Chiu-kao, Hsiung Tzu-hsiu, Han ch'I-wei, Wang Chiu-feng, Hsueh Ch'ang-chao, Wang Hsin-ching, Chang Sung Chu Shih, Lan Ku, etc.This paper has explored the Tzu-ko Poetry (since its earliest beginning), covering all the interrelated historical documents and, therefore, conjuring up a panoramic view of the rising of Tzu-ko Shrine. This study can also shed light on the invaluable Buddhist legacy passed on to us by our supreme mentor-Hsuan Chuang.

並列關鍵字

Tzu-ko shrine ； Chung-nan-shan ； poetry ； poets ； dynasty

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