書寫研究典範之回顧與認定：工作任務與測量取向

Identification of handwriting research paradigm: Tasks and measurements approach

施長志(Chang-Chih Shih) ； 楊梓楣(Chih-Mei Yang) ； 卓俊伶(Hank Jwo)

《臺灣運動心理學報》 17卷2期 (2017/11) Pp. 69-91

https://doi.org/10.6497/BSEPT.201711_17(2).0004

摘要

本文採用典範的概念，以書寫相關議題之研究為標的，透過文獻的回顧與整理，歸納書寫研究之典範；典範是一整套的概念，是在特定期間內，為科學家從事科學研究時提供典型問題與解答，是常態科學的規準，書寫相關研究目前雖無主流理論，但實驗協議也是屬於典範的一部份，在研究方手段上確有值得深入探析之處；本文將實驗任務依素材分為：(一)書寫：以具有語彙意義的字句或部件作為書寫材料，具有高生態效度，多為實務領域研究者所採用；及(二)類書寫：主要以幾何圖形的描畫作為書寫刺激，免除了文字熟悉度可能帶來的潛在影響，廣受從事基礎研究之學者所青睞；在測量的取徑上，則考量時間向度區分成以下兩者：(一)結果取向：量測書寫成品參數作為分析資料；與(二)過程取向：記錄書寫過程之參數作為分析資料；前者多為應用型研究所採納，後者常見於基礎型研究之分析；綜整過往研究，實驗素材與測量取徑和領域特性息息相關，建議後續研究應在所欲解決問題之前提下，依循書寫典範之研究手段發展相關研究。

關鍵字

動作行為 ； 科學革命 ； 漢字草書

並列摘要

This paper adopted the concept of ＂paradigm＂, focusing on the handwriting relative research, identifying research paradigm through literature review. Paradigm is a set of concept, which provides typical questions and answers for the scientists while doing research in a specific period. Paradigm is a standard for normal science. Though there is no main theory to dominate the handwriting studies, the research protocol is a part of paradigm and the research approach is worth exploring. According to the writing stimuli, tasks can be classified into: a) Handwriting task, which adopted semantic words or parts of the characters as writing materials. This sort of task was most adopted by researchers of applied research domain owing to its high ecological validity. b) Handwriting-like movement, which mainly apply geometric pattern as writing stimuli. Avoiding the potential effect of word familiarity, this kind of task catches the attention of the researchers from basic studies. Considering the temporal dimension, approaches which were used to measure the writing performance were classified into the following two sorts: a) Product-oriented: Extracting the experimental data from the writing results. b) Process-oriented: Collecting the experimental parameters during the process of task. The former was adopted by most application studies, whereas the latter was commonly seen in basic research. Reviewing the previous researches, experimental material and measurement approach are highly relative to the characteristic of the specific domain. We suggested that future studies take the problem researchers want to solve as priority and develop relevant studies in accordance with the research approach of handwriting paradigm.

並列關鍵字

motor behavior ； science revolution ； Chinese cursive writing

參考文獻

方正銘、卓俊伶(2008)。動作表現與學習的帶寬回饋及年齡效應。臺灣運動心理學報，13，21-38。

施長志 (2012)。漢字草書連寫之個體與工作限制 (未出版碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。

施長志、楊梓楣(2012)。新字書寫準確度之手慣用性與筆劃方向效應。大專體育學刊，14，288-295。

Accardo, A. P., Genna, M., & Borean, M. (2013). Development, maturation and learning influence on handwriting kinematics. Human Movement Science, 32, 136-146.

Albaret, J. M., & Thon, B. (1998). Differential effects of task complexity on contextual interference in a drawing task. Acta Psychologica, 100, 9-24.