運動引起肌肉損傷的原因之探討

Exercise-induced Muscle Damage and the Potential Mechanisms of Muscle Damage

陳忠慶(Chung-Ching Chen)

《運動生理暨體能學報》 1輯 (2004/09) Pp. 19-32

https://doi.org/10.6127/JEPF.2004.01.03

摘要

從事單一回合不熟悉的運動－特別是離心運動－之後，通常都會引起很明顯的肌肉損傷之現象。這種離心收縮與等長和向心收縮的特性是不太一樣的，因為在進行離心運動時，其所能動員參與肌肉收縮的神經運動單位數目，遠比其他型態的收縮來得少，故離心運動比其他型態的運動較容易引起肌纖維細微損傷的現象。而離心收縮時所產生的高張力、低神經激活的特性，會產生相當大的壓力作用於受到動員參與收縮的肌纖維之運動單位上，故進而會使其肌肉功能和損傷的評估指標（例如肌力、動力、超音波影像…）引起急性和長期性的變化。雖然已有很多理論被提出來解釋肌肉損傷的機轉，但其真正的機轉至今仍還不完全被瞭解。因此，本文擬針對離心運動的特性、離心運動引起肌肉損傷的可能機轉以及離心運動對引起肌肉損傷和功能的評估指標之變化等三個部分，進行相關文獻的探討與分析。最後，希望透過本文的分析和介紹，能提供一些有用的資訊給運動教練、選手和運動愛好者參考。

關鍵字

肌肉功能 ； 延遲性肌肉酸痛 ； 運動表現 ； 興奮－收縮偶合系統 ； 修補過程

並列摘要

It is well documented that a single bout of unaccustomed eccentric exercise frequently results in muscle damage. In this type of muscle exercise, the muscle lengthens while it simultaneously attempts to contract. This type of eccentric contraction is also totally different from concentric and isometric contractions. Since eccentric contractions are the higher forces exerted in comparison to concentric and isometric contractions and lower motor unit activation for a given force ration when compared to concentric and isometric contractions. So, such a profile/type of eccentric contractions places substantial stress on fewer motor units and frequently results in an acute and chronic decrease in the indicators of muscle damage and function (i.e., maximal isometric force, power, ultrasound imagines, etc.). Despite numerous studies that have clearly shown the muscle damage to eccentric exercise, the actual mechanisms of exercise-induced muscle damage is still largely unknown. Therefore, this review is presented in three sections: introducing the nature of eccentric muscle contractions, reviewing the potential mechanisms of exercise-induced muscle damage, and summarizing the changes in the indicators of exercise-induced muscle damage and function. Last, hoping this paper would provide some useful information or reference for coaches, athletes, and general public to exercise-induced muscle damage.

並列關鍵字

Muscle function ； Delayed onset muscle soreness DOMS ； Sports performance ； Excitation-contraction E-C coupling system ； Repair process

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