六週高強度間歇訓練後冷水浸泡介入對下肢肌力及肌耐力表現之影響

目的：阻力訓練後實施冷水浸泡雖降低遲發性肌肉痠痛，但可能會降低肌肉合成及抑制肌力表現的增進，故本研究目的在探討高強度間歇訓練後進行冷水浸泡，對下肢肌力表現是否亦有負面影響。方法：受試者為10名體育系男性（年齡：23.2±2.7歲），於跑步機上進行為期6週，每週2次（共12次）的高強度間歇跑步訓練，每次訓練強度為90～95%最大心跳率（maximal heart rate, HR_(max)）持續4分鐘，主動恢復為70% HR_(max)持續3分鐘，共4組循環。所有受試者並依隨機分派方式將其下肢分為冷水浸泡腳及控制腳，於每次訓練後冷水浸泡腳進行10分鐘10°C的冷水浸泡，控制腳則不進行任何處理，並檢測訓練前（前測）、第3週訓練後（中測）及第6週訓練後（後測）的下肢肌力、肌耐力（40%最大反覆[one repetition of maximum, 1RM]×反覆次數）及肌肉量。所得數據以二因子重複量數變異數分析進行統計處理。結果：（一）下肢肌力：冷水浸泡腳在中測（53.5 ± 10.2 kg）及後測（54.3 ± 10.1 kg）均顯著低於控制腳（中測：55.7±9.5 kg、後測：56.8 ± 9.4 kg；p ＜ .05），且控制腳中測（↑3.9%）及後測（↑5.8%）的肌力均顯著大於前測（p＜.05）。（二）下肢肌耐力：冷水浸泡腳的中測（591.3 ±184.1 kg）及後測（629.7 ± 192.3 kg）均顯著低於控制腳（中測：680.1±173.2 kg、後測：755.0 ± 182.1 kg；p ＜.05），且冷水浸泡腳與控制腳的中測與後測均顯著高於前測，但僅控制腳的後測顯著高於中測（p ＜ .05）。（三）下肢肌肉量：不論處理或時間因子均無顯著差異。結論：連續6週高強度間歇訓練後進行冷水浸泡，不利於下肢肌力及肌耐力表現的進步。

關鍵字

冷療；恢復；高強度運動；肌肉適能

並列摘要

Purpose: Cold water immersion (CWI) is an alternative strategy for some athletes to avoid delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). However, several studies had indicated that long-term CWI may reduce muscle synthesis rate and muscle strength. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of CWI following high intensity interval training (HIIT) exercises on lower limb strength and muscular endurance during 6 weeks. Methods: A total of 10 active males (age: 23.2 ± 2.7 years) performed HIIT on a treadmill for 6 weeks, 2 times per week (12 times in total). The training intensity of each time was 90-95% maximal heart rate (HR_(max)) for 4 min, and the active recovery was 70% HR_(max) for 3 min, a total of 4 cycles. All subjects' legs were randomly divided into two treatments: cooled leg and control leg. After each training, the cooled leg was immersed in cold water for 10 min at 10°C. The control leg was not treated. Data were collected from the first test before training (PRE), the second test after the third week (MID), and the third test after the sixth week (POST), as regards the knee extension muscle strength, knee extension muscular endurance (40% one repetition of maximum [1RM] × repeated times) and thigh muscle mass. The obtained data were statistically processed by two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis. Results: (1) Lower-limb muscle strength: the muscle strength of the cooled leg (MID: 55.7 ± 9.5 kg, POST: 56.8 ± 9.4 kg; p ＜ .05) was significantly lower than that of the control leg in the MID (53.5 ± 10.2 kg) and the POST (54.3 ± 10.1 kg), and the muscle strength of the control leg in the POST (↑5.8%) and the MID (↑3.9%) were significantly greater than that of the PRE (p ＜ .05). (2) Lower-limb muscular endurance: the muscular endurance of the cooled leg (MID: 591.3 ± 184.1 kg, POST: 629.7 ± 192.3 kg) was significantly lower than that of the control leg in the MID (680.1 ± 173.2 kg) and the POST (755.0 ± 182.1 kg). And the muscular endurance of the cooled leg and control leg in the MID and POST were significantly higher than that of the PRE, but only that of the control leg in the POST was significantly higher than that of the MID (p ＜ .05). (3) Lower-limb muscle mass: there were no significant differences between treatments or among time points. Conclusion: CWI after 6 weeks of HIIT attenuates the improvement of lower-limb muscle strength and muscular endurance.

並列關鍵字

cryotherapy ； post-exercise recovery ； high intensity training ； muscle fitness

參考文獻

Aguiar, P., Magalhães, S., Rocha-Vieira, E., Magalhães, F., & Amorim, F. (2015). Four weeks of high intensity interval training improves muscle endurance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 47(Suppl. 5), 798-799. doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000478919.42372.8d

Armstrong, R. B. (1984). Mechanisms of exercise-induced delayed onset muscular soreness: A brief review. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 16(6), 529-538. doi:10.1249/00005768-198412000-00002

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Beyranvand, F. (2017). Sprint interval training improves aerobic and anaerobic power in trained female futsal players. InternationalJournal of Kinesiology & Sports Science, 5(2), 43-47. doi:10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.5n.2p.43

Broatch, J. R., Petersen, A., & Bishop, D. J. (2018). The influence of post-exercise coldwater immersion on adaptive responses to exercise: A review of the literature. Sports Medicine, 48(6), 1369-1387. doi:10.1007/s40279-018-0910-8

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六週高強度間歇訓練後冷水浸泡介入對下肢肌力及肌耐力表現之影響

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