Aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare disease, and often a hematologic disorder in which the peripheral blood cells are decreased because of bone marrow failure. The clinical course often reflects the severity of pancytopenia and is unpredictable for the individual. Hemorrhage and infection remain the major threats to these patients due to the exist agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia. Therefore dental procedures potentially can cause serious complications and should be applied with caution. Recent advances in transfusion medicine, infection management, bone marrow transplantation, and immunosuppressive therapy have improved survival of patients with AA. A 8-year-old boy with severe aplastic anemia was referred for bone marrow pre-transplantation evaluation. General dental procedure including oral hygiene instruction, pulp therapy and extraction was performed. Combination of modalities such as blood transfusion and dental prophylaxis was also implemented. In this report, the dental and medical management of a patient with severe type AA was presented. The treatment modalities used in this case provide a current concept for patients who are severely medically compromised with AA.
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