運用修正計劃行為理論比較不同性別高中生吸菸意圖影響因素

Gender Differences in a Comparison of Revised Theory of Planned Behavior Model of Smoking Intention among High School Students

邱天佑(Tien-You Chiu)

《顧客滿意學刊》 13卷2期 (2017/09) Pp. 257-277

摘要

本研究以計劃行為理論為基礎，根據文獻探討，加入禁令規範、知覺容易吸菸與知覺容易拒絕等變數，形成修正計劃行為理論模型。以有吸菸經驗高中學生為母體，探討影響不同性別高中青少年在吸菸意圖決定因素的差異。運用結構方程模型驗證變數之間的因果關係，並分析性別對本研究理論模型中各變數之間的影響差異。主要研究結果有二，一為在全體模式中，顯著影響吸菸意圖的前因依序為知覺容易拒絕、知覺容易吸菸、一般主觀規範和禁令規範；二為比較影響吸菸意圖性別差異，發現男高中生顯著受到知覺容易拒絕與一般主觀規範的影響；然而，女高中生則僅受到知覺容易吸菸顯著影響。總之，欲降低青少年吸菸意圖，首重減少青少年朋友之間互相提供香菸，並且提升青少年抗拒吸菸誘惑的自我控制力。其次，師長是社會壓力抑制青少年的吸菸意圖的最佳來源。

關鍵字

青少年 ； 性別 ； 吸菸 ； 計劃行為理論

並列摘要

Based on research literature and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the study adds the injunctive norms, perceived easy of smoking and perceived easy to reject smoking form a revised TPB model. In the study, experienced smoking objective respondents are high school in Hualien County. To Apply structural equation modeling verify the causal relationship between variables, and analyzed two groups of gender, effect of each specific variable in the revised TPB. These finds are:(1) In revised TPB model, the antecedents that significantly affect smoking behavior intention are perceived easy to reject smoking, perceived easy of smoking, general subjective norm and injunctive norm, only attitude not significantly affects smoking behavior intention; (2) Comparison of the effects of gender differences in smoking behavior intentions, boys of high school significantly affected by perceived easy to reject smoking and general subjective norm; but girls of high school are only affected by perceived easy of smoking. In short, it is recommended to reduce smoking intention of adolescent, first, to provide less cigarettes among friends, but also to enhance adolescent self-control to resist the temptation of smoking. Secondly, teachers are the best source of social pressure to suppress smoking intentions of adolescent.

並列關鍵字

Adolescent ； Gender ； Smoking ； Theory of Planned Behavior

參考文獻

行政院衛生署國民健康局，2012，臺灣菸害防制年報，新北市：行政院衛生署國民健康局。

行政院衛生署國民健康局，2013，臺灣菸害防制年報，新北市：行政院衛生署國民健康局。

Ajzen, I., 1985, From Intentions to Actions: A Theory of Planned Behavior, in Kuhl, J. and Beckman, J. (Eds.), Action-control: From Cognition to Behavior, 11-39, Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.

Ajzen, I., 2002, Constructing a TPB Questionnaire: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations, Internet website http://www.unix.oit.umass.edu/~aizen/pdf/tpb.measurement.pdf Accessed July 15 2008.

Ajzen, I. and Driver, B. L., 1991, Prediction of Leisure Participation from Behavior, Normative, and Control Beliefs: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior, Leisure Sciences, 13(3), 185-204.