在大型活動當中輻射事件整備與應變作業之研究－以2016年巴西里約奧運安全防護工作為例

A Study of Radiation Event Preparedness and Response Operations in Major Events - A Case Study of Safety Protection at the 2016 Rio Olympics in Brazil

蔡裕明(Y. M. Tsai)

《危機管理學刊》 17卷2期 (2020/09) Pp. 59-71

https://doi.org/10.6459/JCM.202009_17(2).0006

摘要

恐怖組織有可能利用輻射武器攻擊大型活動賽事，並可能導致嚴重的公共衛生、社會、心理、經濟、政治和環境等嚴重後果。本文即以2016年巴西里約奧運安全防護工作為例，探究大型活動或國家安全重要事件時，因應人潮聚集情況下的輻射攻擊，以確保大型活動順利圓滿進行，藉此訂定賽事活動當中輻射事件風險管理策略。本文以為，在全球範圍內，醫療用途的輻射或工業用途輻射之管理不當或缺乏有效管控，業已成為民眾或工業化社會可能遭逢輻射武器或髒彈攻擊最可能原因。有關對於輻射來源之國家立法以及更加管控與應變計畫，可降低輻射攻擊之風險。建立輻射安全措施與規劃輻射攻擊之應變計畫，可強化國家於國家重要安全事件當中對於輻射武器防範之能力，亦是維護國家與國土安全重要內容。

關鍵字

核子安全 ； 醫療威脅 ； 輻射事件 ； 恐怖主義 ； 風險管理 ； 國土安全

並列摘要

Terrorist groups have the potential to use radiological weapons to attack major event events and could lead to serious public health, social, psychological, economic, political and environmental consequences. In this paper, we use the example of security protection for the Rio 2016 Olympic Games in Brazil to investigate the radiation attack during major events or national security events, in order to ensure the smooth and satisfactory conduct of the event. It is argued that poor management or lack of effective control of radiation for medical or industrial use is the most likely cause of radiation weapons or dirty bombs that may be used against the population or industrialized society worldwide. National legislation on radiation sources and improved control and contingency plans may attempt to reduce the risk of radiation attack. However, the establishment of radiological security measures and contingency plans for planning radiological attacks can strengthen the nation's ability to prevent radiological weapons during important national security events, which is also an important element in maintaining national and homeland security.

並列關鍵字

Nuclear Security ； Medical Threats ； Radiation Events ； Terrorism ； Risk Management ； Homeland Security

參考文獻

FAS Public Interest Report. (2002) “Dirty Bombs: Response to a Threat,” FAS Public Interest Report 55(2), from https://fas.org/faspir/2002/v55n2/dirtybomb.htm.

IAEA. (2012) "Nuclear Security Systems and Measures for Major Public Events Implementing Guide,” IAEA Nuclear Security Series, 18, http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/Pub1546_web.pdf.

《自由時報》(2017). ”比爾‧蓋茲：新興流感將爆發，1 年內能奪 3000 萬條人命”，2017 年 2 月 20 日。

Department of the Army, Field Manual FM8-10-7. (1993) “Medical Threat and Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Warfare,“ from http://brooksidepress.org/Products/OperationalMedicine/DATA/operationalmed/Manuals/fm8_10_7/chap1.pdf.

The Royal Institute of International Affairs. (2016) “Use of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Weapons by Non-State Actors,” Emerging Risk Report, from https://www.lloyds.com/~/media/files/news%20and%20insight/risk%20insight/2016/cbrn.pdf.