溫度對青帶鳳蝶（Graphium sarpedon connectens）生長發育之影響

Effect of temperatures on growth and development of Graphium sarpedon connectens Fruhstorfer

洪榆宸(Yu-Chen Hung) ； 陳素瓊(Su-Chiung Chen)

《宜蘭大學生物資源學刊》 13卷 (2017/12) Pp. 23-43

https://doi.org/10.6175/job.201712_13.0012

摘要

本試驗將青帶鳳蝶（Graphium sarpedon connectens）（鱗翅目：鳳蝶科）的卵粒置於15、20、25、30及35 ± 1℃、80 ± 5% RH、14L : 10D之生長箱中，以樟樹（Cinnamomum comphora）葉片單隻飼育幼蟲至羽化為蝶，調查不同溫度對各蟲期生長發育之影響。結果顯示在35℃下青帶鳳蝶無法存活，幼蟲羽化為成蟲的存活率以25和30℃最高為90％，而以15℃最低為62％。各蟲期之發育日數都隨著溫度增加而縮短，於15℃下各蟲期比30℃者皆需多出5倍以上的發育時間，且其發育速率與試驗溫度間呈正相關。青帶鳳蝶之發育臨界低溫，卵期為13.48℃，一齡至五齡幼蟲分別為14.02、13.58、13.80、 13.23及11.13℃，整個幼蟲期為12.87℃，蛹期為12.38℃，卵至成蟲為12.69℃；各蟲期之有效積溫，卵期為38.65日度，一齡至五齡幼蟲溫分別為40.29、34.27、37.71、56.51及129.19日度，整個幼蟲期為296.07日度，蛹期為186.81日度，合計卵至成蟲為527.74日度。幼蟲的平均頭殼寬度必須超過3.95 mm的閥值即進入化蛹階段，幼蟲齡期與頭殼寬度的常用對數間呈正相關，符合戴爾法則。在不同溫度下，青帶鳳蝶之性比（♀：♂） 經由卡方適合度檢定皆符合1 : 1，可知性別比例不受溫度影響。由本研究結果可知，青帶鳳蝶最適合飼養於25至30℃，而在宜蘭地區一年大約有6至7世代。

關鍵字

青帶鳳蝶 ； 溫度 ； 發育 ； 發育臨界低溫 ； 有效積溫 ； 頭殼寬度

並列摘要

The study was performed on fresh eggs of Graphium sarpedon connectens placed in a growth chamber under conditions of 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35℃, with 80 ± 5% RH and photoperiod of 14-h of light and 10-h of darkness. Hatched larvae were individually reared with leaves of Cinnamomum comphora for a series of observation till the development of butterflies under different temperatures. The results showed that at 35℃, G. sarpedon connectens did not survive, the highest survival rate of 90% occurred at 25℃ and 30℃, while the lowest at 15℃ was 62%. Duration in days of life stages decreased as the temperature was raised from 15 to 30℃. At 15℃, duration in days of life stages were five times more than the 30℃, and the development rates of various life stages and rearing temperature were correlated by a linear regression. The lower developmental threshold temperatures for the development of egg, 1st to 5th instar larva, larval stage, pupa, and the egg to adult stages were estimated to be 13.48, 14.02, 13.58, 13.80, 13.23, 11.13, 12.87, 12.38 and 12.69℃, respectively. The accumulative effective temperature of egg, 1st to 5th instar larva, larval stage, and pupa were 38.65, 40.29, 34.27, 37.71, 56.51, 129.19, 296.07 and 186.81 degree-days, respectively. It required 527.24 degree-days for the development of G. sarpedon connectens from egg to adult. The threshold value of the average head capsule width for development into the pupa was 3.95 mm. The common logarithms of head capsule width of the larval stage and instars of larva were linearly correlated which followed Dyar's law. At different temperatures, the sex ratio (♀: ♂) of G. sarpedon connectens by chi-square goodness of fit test were in compliance with 1: 1, and the sex ratio was not affected by temperature. From the results, G. sarpedon connectens was most suitable breeded at 25 to 30 ℃, and was of 6-7 generations per year in Yilan area.

並列關鍵字

Graphium sarpedon connectens ； temperature ； development ； lower development threshold temperature ； accumulative effective temperature ； head capsule width