柑橘鳳蝶的生活史

本研究探討柑橘鳳蝶（Papilio xuthus xuthus Linnaeus）（鱗翅目：鳳蝶科）的外部形態描述和生活史。本試驗在簡易網室內採柑橘鳳蝶當日產卵，置於25 ± 1℃，相對濕度80 ± 5%，光週期14L：10D的生長箱中，待幼蟲孵化後以芸香科（Rutaceae）酸橘（Citrus sunki Hort.）葉片單隻飼育，每日觀察和記錄各蟲期的形態和生長發育情形。試驗結果顯示在此飼育條件下，本蝶種能完成其生活史，自卵發育至蛹羽化為成蝶的存活率是28.8%，平均發育日數是40.53 ± 0.98日。幼蟲頭殼寬度超過4.11 mm的閥值即可進入化蛹階段。幼蟲頭殼寬度隨齡期以1.5倍之等比增加，體長隨齡期以1.6倍之比增加，幼蟲頭殼寬度和體長的常用對數均與齡期間呈迴歸直線關係，兩者皆符合戴爾法則。本蝶種雌、雄蝶性比均符合1：1。上述結果期能提供本蝶種未來引入生態休閒農場或觀光蝶園參考，將柑橘鳳蝶從果樹害蟲轉型為可人工飼育、大量繁殖的有用昆蟲。

關鍵字

柑橘鳳蝶（Papilio xuthus xuthus Linnaeus）；形態；生活史；頭殼寬度；體長

並列摘要

This study focused on the basic biological data of Chinese yellow swallowtail (Papilio xuthus xuthus Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), including morphology and life history. Fresh eggs of the Chinese yellow swallowtail were collected from host plants in a simple screenhouse. These eggs were placed in a growth chamber under conditions of 25 ± 1℃, 80 ±5 ％ RH, and with a photoperiod of 14 hr of light and 10 hr of darkness. Hatching larvae were individually reared with leaves of Rutaceae, Citrus sunki for a series of observations and recording their morphology and development data. Results indicated Chinese swallowtail could complete whole life history under this reared condition. The survival rate from egg to adult emergence was 28.8%, and the average developmental period was 40.53 ± 0.98 days. Larva with head capsule wider than 4.11 mm was destined to become pupae at the next ecdysis. The increment of the head capsule width of the larva was in accordance with the increase in the larval instar stage, it maintained a ratio of 1.5 times. Also, as the larval instar increased, the body length increased at the same time from 1.6 times. A linear regression relationship was existed between the common logarithms of head capsule width of larva and the larval instar stages. The common logarithms of body length of larvae and the larval instar stages also had a linear regression relationship. Both fitted with the Dyar's law. The sex ratio of female per male adults was matched 1:1. We expect these results could provide some reference information for application in leisure agriculture areas and sightseeing butterfly gardens in future. Chinese yellow swallowtail was transformed from fruit tree insect pest into favorable insect for artificial rearing, mass reproduction and utilization.

並列關鍵字

Asian swallowtail (Papilio xuthus xuthus Linnaeus) ； morphology ； life history ； head capsule width ； body length

國際替代計量

柑橘鳳蝶的生活史

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