透過您的圖書館登入
IP:3.149.251.154
  • 期刊

儒、道二家論遊比較-以《論語》「游於藝」與《莊子》「遊刃有餘」為對舉

Comparison of Confucianist and Daoist "You": "Immersing in the Arts" and "The Crevice-Wandering of the Knife"

摘要


「遊」一字在中國思想中涵涉工夫與境界的意味,儒、道二家亦各自有所論述,《論語.述而》「志於道」章即言「志於道,據於德,依於仁,游於藝」四目,言說儒家成德工夫的歷程。《莊子.養生主》則有「庖丁解牛」的故事表述,闡論養生處事的修養工夫。從儒、道二家對於「遊」的旨趣探討,除了對比二家在工夫論的進路差異,亦可究清儒、道二家的價值趨向,即成德與逍遙的區別。再者,透過二家論「遊」的對照,探索儒、道的境界美學指向,以及於人間世的回應。

關鍵字

儒道思想 工夫論 境界論 內聖外王

並列摘要


The Chinese character "you" (遊) connotes the attainment of a high level of expertise and skill. Both the Confucianists and the Daoists discussed the concept. In the "Shu Er" of Confucius' Analects, the four praiseworthy actions include "setting on the path of duty, letting every attainment in what is good be firmly grasped, letting perfect virtue be accorded with, and letting relaxation and enjoyment be found in the polite arts," which together represents the Confucian process to attain virtue. In the "Yangshengzhu" of the Zhuangzi, the story of the butcher cutting the ox offers the Daoist narrative of how to proceed to attain the art of living at ease with the nourishment of life. The discussion on the meanings of "you" in the Confucianist and Daoist contexts allows us to not only identify the differences between the two philosophical doctrines but also to clarify how their value tendencies represent two parallel strands, the path to a life of virtue and the path to life at ease. The contrast between the two "you" also points toward the aesthetic realm and a response to the human condition.

參考文獻


吳冠宏:〈儒家成德思想之進程與理序:以《論語》:「志於道」之四目關係的詮釋問題為討論核心〉,《東華人文學報》第 3 期(2001 年 7 月),頁189-214。(DOI:10.6420/DHJHS.200107.0189)
吳肇嘉:〈《莊子.應帝王》中「即內聖即外王」的應世思想〉,《清華中文學報》第 5 期(2011 年 6 月),頁 205-230。(DOI:10.6466/THJCL.201106.0205)
賴錫三:《道家型知識分子論:《莊子》的權力批判與文化更新》(臺北:臺大出版中心,2013 年)。(DOI:10.6327/NTUPRS-9789860381634)
(魏)王弼著,樓宇列校釋:《老子道德經注》(北京:中華書局,2008 年)。
(宋)朱熹:《四書章句集注》(臺北:大安出版,1996 年)。

延伸閱讀