宋真宗寫「雜詞」或「雜劇詞」考述

《宋史》記載真宗：「或為雜劇詞」的資料常被引用，作為戲劇發展史重要證據。然而，某些《宋史》版本寫成：「或為雜詞」。倘若真宗所寫為「雜詞」，就得慎重考量納進戲曲史討論是否恰當。論文重點如下：首先，探討《宋史》流傳版本和相關佐證史料，載「雜劇詞」的《宋史》版本較為古老，但還是難以遽下論斷「雜劇詞」即為原始詞彙。第二、真宗所寫如為「雜詞」，不願宣布於外，是指內容涉及浮靡或淺俗。隸屬教坊機構下的雜詞，則包含各種宴會時所需各種歌詞、口號和具故事性質的表演文字在內。第三、所寫如為「雜劇詞」，依「雜劇」廣義和狹義兩種進行解讀。狹義下的「雜劇詞」指宋代以滑稽詼諧為主的雜劇劇本；廣義下的「雜劇詞」，含括各種具故事性的表演文字在內，實際上也是「劇本」。

關鍵字

宋真宗；雜劇；雜劇詞；雜詞

並列摘要

Information on the record of ＂either Zaju Ci＂ (words of miscellaneous forms of plays) written by Emperor Zhenzong of Song in The History of the Song Dynasty has been constantly quoted by those conducting studies on the history and development of Chinese drama as an important evidence. The words ＂either Zaci＂ (unclassified words), however, appear in some editions of The History of the Song Dynasty. If the record of ＂Zaci＂ was exactly the one used by Emperor Zhenzong, and thenit has to be taken into circumspect consideration. Three main arguments are listed as below. Firstly, this essay delves into circulated editions of The History of the Song Dynasty, and the related historical materials are used as evidence. The record of the original word ＂Zaju Ci＂ is difficult to be judged despite older editions of The History of the Song Dynasty recording ＂Zaju Ci.＂ Secondly, if assuming ＂Zaci＂ was the one exactly used by Emperor Zhenzong, it was never circulated to the public, and also means its contents covers flashiness or shallow vulgarity. Zaci under the royal academy included various lyrics, slogans and written words of performance with the nature of the stories, necessary for feasts. Thirdly, assuming that ＂Zaju Ci＂ was written by Emperor Zhenzong,＂ it makes interpretations based on both broad and narrow senses of ＂Zaju.＂＂Zaju Ci＂ in narrow sense means ludicrousness and humor-oriented play script for Zaju in the Song Dynasty, while ＂Zaju Ci＂ in broad sense that encompasses all kinds of written words of performance with the nature of the story is actually also the ＂play script.＂