Vowel Fronting in the Sinkang Dialect of Siraya and Reconstruction of some of its Phonemes

Siraya語新港方言ê元音前置kap－寡音素ê構擬

Seng-hian LAU

《台語研究》 9卷2期 (2017/09) Pp. 70-106

https://doi.org/10.6621/JTV.201709_9(2).0003

摘要

Based on Adelaar's (2011) observations of Gravius 1661 and Gravius 1662, a further investigation of vowel fronting in the Sinkang dialect of Siraya (the dialect used in Gravius 1661 and Gravius 1662) is carried out to provide fine-grained generalizations and an analysis in Optimality Theory. Vowel fronting in this language, although conditioned in the final syllable and in the vicinity of extant/disappearing palatal fricatives, is optional. Additionally, even the vowel harmony is also subject to free variation. The disparity of fronting targets between final syllable positions and elsewhere demonstrates that different extents of lenition may induce variance in perceptual enhancement processes. Moreover, the privilege of some final syllable onsets to appear as blockers suggests the contrast with respect to faithfulness. This study not only further clarifies the patterns of vowel fronting in this language, but it also sheds light on the hidden phonetic properties of a dormant language, including its metrical structure and the phonetic details of segments: x, l, r, p, and the fronted u.

關鍵字

Siraya ； vowel fronting ； harmony ； spreading ； free variation

並列摘要

Tsit篇論文用Adelaar（2011）對Siraya《馬太福音》kap《教理問答》ê語音分析做基礎，斟酌歸納Siraya語用tī《馬太福音》kap《教理問答》內底ê方言（本文照文獻傳統kā tsit个方言叫做新港方言）ê元音前置化現象，嘛提出解說，了後透過優選理論做分析。論文指出，tsit个方言ê元音前置化，雖bóng受著音節位置kap相隔壁ê硬顎擦音ê制限，m-koh猶原保留選擇性。Tse掠外，連元音和諧律to也無強制性；雖然無強制性，m-koh咱uì元音前置化tī尾音節hām其他位置無仝ê表現，仝款thang看出無仝程度ê弱化，tī感知提升過程中是有程度精差tī--leh--ê，比論：有一部分ê尾音節ê首音，就會將元音和諧拍斷。Tsit个研究m-nā有pué-huē tsit个方言tī元音前置化所呈現ê無仝類型，嘛有對tsit个方言ê部分音素ê實際音值kap韻律結構提出擬測ê線索，包括指出重音ê位置應該是tī尾音節，另外，嘛提出包括x、l、r、p佮前置化ê u可能ê音值線索。

並列關鍵字

Siraya ； 元音前置化 ； 元音和諧律 ； 擴散 ； 自由變體

參考文獻

Gravius, Daniel. 1662. Patar ki tna-‘msing-an ki Christang ofte ‘t Formulier des Christendoms [Catechism Text]. Amsterdam: Michiel Hartogh.

Hansson, Gunnar. 2001. Theoretical and Typological Issues in Consonant Harmony. Ph.D dissertation: University of California, Berkeley.

Hawkins, John and Anne Cutler. 1988. Psycholinguistic Factors in Morphological Asymmetry. In J. Hawkins (ed.), Explaining language universal, pp. 280-317. Oxford: Blackwell.

Jiménez, J. and Maria-Rosa Lloret. 2007. Andalusian Vowel Harmony: Weak Triggers and Perceptibility. Paper presented at the Workshop ‘Harmony in the languages of the Mediterranean’, 4th Old-World Conference in Phonology, University of Aegean, Rhodes, January 18-2.

Kager, René. 2004. Optimality Theory. Cambridge University Press.