Constructing National Identity: The Transformation of National Music (Guoyue) in Taiwan

建構國族認同：臺灣國樂的變衍

陳靜儀(Chen, Ching-Yi)

《南藝學報》 19期 (2019/12) Pp. 55-85

摘要

Taiwan experienced considerable political upheaval during its history under the KMT and DPP regimes after 1945. During this process of building a nation-state, Taiwan's national identity was continuously reconstructed, renegotiated and reformulated. Although the political developments in Taiwan have actively constructed a consciousness of Chineseness since 1945, there has been an ethnic division between native Taiwanese and the mainlanders who arrived in Taiwan. Their differences are clearly characterised on every level, such as history, culture, language, and political ideology. In a political context, these two groups can also be distinguished by their political ideas and claims to their national identity within the context of Taiwan. On the other hand, there is tension in the relationship created between Taiwan and China. This continuing tension between internal and external factors affects from within and outside Taiwan. To understand what national identity means to guoyue musicians in Taiwan, I would like to explore how political development has affected the transformation of guoyue and musicians' national identity. The research result shows that politics has also impacted the development of guoyue as the music of the modern nation-state. During the embryonic and promotional periods, guoyue served as the music of the nation. However, towards the end of the promotional period, guoyue gradually began to be modernised and distinguish itself from minyue in China. In the transitional period, due to the changing government in Taiwan since 2000, guoyue again went through a marked shift in musical identity and aesthetic orientation, away from Chinese music and towards localisation. This shows that the on-going and non-static musical and national identities are continuously progressing within musicians and guoyue culture.

關鍵字

Guoyue (National Music) ； National Identity ； Chinese Nationalism ； Taiwanese Nationalism ； Taiwanese Identity

並列摘要

自1949年以來，臺灣在中國國民黨和民主進步黨的帶領下經歷相當大的政治動盪，在建立民族國家的過程中，臺灣的國族身份認同不斷地建構與重建。為了了解國族認同對於臺灣的國樂音樂家意味著什麼，本文章主要探究政治的發展如何影響國樂與音樂家國族認同的變衍。儘管臺灣早期的政治發展無不以大中國主義為目標，但不可否認，由於臺灣經歷日本殖民、中國長時間分離與全球化，在文化、語言和政治意識形態等層面上已有明顯的差異。本研究揭示國樂作為現代民族國家的音樂受到臺灣政黨與多元文化的影響，歷經了音樂身份和審美取向的明顯轉變，朝向強調臺灣本土意識的趨勢，其音樂家的國族認同亦呈現持續地變化之中。

並列關鍵字

國樂 ； 國族認同 ； 國族主義 ； 大中國主義 ； 臺灣國族主義 ； 臺灣認同