《施設足論》業報思想研究

A Study on the Principle of Karma-vipāka in Abhidharma prajñāpti-pāda

釋悟殷(Shih, Wu-yin)

《法印學報》 9期 (2018/12) Pp. 149-192

摘要

說一切有部傳有「一身六足」論。在一身六足中，唐代玄奘大師譯出《發智論》與《法蘊足論》等六論，獨缺《施設足論》未翻。趙宋時代，施護等譯出該論，但只是「因施設」而已。藏傳佛教亦有《施設足論》，然對照漢譯及《大毘婆沙論》的引文，可知藏譯本也不全。因此，要探究《施設足論》的思想全貌，並不容易，且存有「不可能」的遺憾。尚幸，漢譯《大毘婆沙論》保留有非常豐富的《施設足論》資料，可以彌補一些遺落的思想。職此之故，筆者在印順導師研究成果的基礎上，從《大毘婆沙論》蒐羅有關《施設足論》的記載，將之梳理歸納為業與業報、禪定與神通、世間安立等等，共五大類，以呈現《施設足論》的風貌。本文，只探討「業與業報」部分。本文寫作方式，分為二大主軸：首先羅列《施設足論》原文，然後再說明其思想特色及與《婆沙論》之異同。這樣，既可呈現《施設足論》之原始資料，又可發掘阿毘達磨師在自由思考論究下形成的思想差異。

關鍵字

施設論 ； 婆沙論 ； 業 ； 業報

並列摘要

It is said that Sarvastivada consists of a major metaphysical book and six minor ones. Of these religious classics, Great Master Hsuan Chuang of the Tang Dynasty had translated six monographs, including Abhidharmajñāna- prasthāna-śāstra and Abhidharma-dharmaskandha pāda śāstra, with Abhidharma prajñāpti-pāda the only exception remains to be translated. In the Song Dynasty, Dānapāla led a group of talented monks translating a part of Abhidharma prajñāpti-pāda, a.k.a. ＂Kārana-prajñapti.＂ Tibetan Buddhism has also owned a version of Abhidharma prajñāpti-pāda, but it seems like an abridged version after a careful examination of its Chinese translation and some citations from Abhidharma-mahā-vibhāṣā-śāstra. Hence, it would be a daunting challenge to explore the thoughts presented by Abhidharma prajñāpti-pāda, and can be regrettably impossible no matter how much effort was made. Fortunately, a large bulk of information regarding Abhidharma prajñāpti-pāda could be found in the Chinese translation of Abhidharma-mahā-vibhāṣā-śāstra, which serves as very important clues to revealing the content of Abhidharma prajñāpti-pāda. Thereupon, the author drew inspiration from the research findings of Dharma Master Yin Shun, and then collected every account of Abhidharma prajñāpti-pāda mentioned in Abhidharma-mahā-vibhāṣā-śāstra. Lastly it was categorized into five types of literature: karma and karma-vipāka, Dhyāna-samādhi and Abhijñā, and how Abhidharma prajñāpti-pāda interpreted the world (loka). This paper deals mainly with ＂karma and karma-vipāka.＂ This paper can be divided up into two parts: the first part presents the original of Abhidharma prajñāpti-pāda, whilst the second part is devoted to an introduction to the characteristics of its theoretical thinking and a comparison of Abhidharma prajñāpti-pāda and Abhidharma-mahāvibhāṣā- śāstra. This helps to present Abhidharma prajñāpti-pāda in a more complete way while exploring how free thoughts proffered by Vaibhāṣika have diverged into various Buddhism doctrines.

並列關鍵字

Abhidharma prajñāpti-pāda ； Abhidharma-mahā-vibhāṣā-śāstra ； karma ； karma-vipāka