高齡者因生理感官退化對其自尊影響之關鍵因素分析

A Key Factor Mind Mapping Decision Model for the Influence of Degenerating Physiological Senses on Self-Esteem of Older Adults

張東仁(Chang, T.-J.) ； 裴駿(Pei, C.)

《福祉科技與服務管理學刊》 6卷4期 (2018/12) Pp. 339-352

https://doi.org/10.6283/JOCSG.201812_6(4).339

摘要

本研究主要探討高齡者因生理感官退化對其自尊的影響。研究方法：首先透過文獻探討獲得初步「關鍵因素」，並繪製心智圖；其次運用修正式德菲法專家問卷，進行高齡者生理感官退化影響自尊之關鍵因素確認，據以完成本研究確立之關鍵因素心智圖；再者，利用決策實驗室分析法探討「主要關鍵因素」之關聯度與影響度，最後以分析層級程序法計算「次要關鍵因素」的權重及優先排序。研究結果：文獻探討方面在經由14位專家確認後，共產生5項主要關鍵因素及23項次要關鍵因素；決策實驗室分析法獲得「聽覺」為主要「影響其他因素」之重要關鍵因素，「味覺」則為「被其他因素所影響」之最顯著關鍵因素；分析層級程序法結果顯示，在「視覺」構面中，「老花眼」重要性最高；在「聽覺」構面中，「老年性重聽」重要性最高；在「嗅覺」構面中，「居家安全受威脅」重要性最高；在「味覺」構面中，「吞嚥困難」重要性最高；「身體感覺」構面中，「平衡覺」重要性最高。最後綜整以上結果，完成本研究之主、次要關鍵因素心智決策模式分析。

關鍵字

高齡者 ； 感官 ； 心智圖法 ； 修正式德菲法 ； 決策實驗室分析法 ； 分析層級程序法

並列摘要

This study investigates the influence of degenerating physiological senses on the self-esteem of older adults and determines the correlation between the key factors and their respective weights. Preliminary key factors of degenerating physiological senses that affect self-esteem in older adults were compiled by reviewing literature and a corresponding mind map was drafted. These key factors were verified by using a modified Delphi method and a corresponding mind map was developed. The decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method was adopted for investigating the correlation and weighting of the primary key factors. Lastly, we used the analytic hierarchy process to determine the weights and priority order of the secondary key factors. Based on a literature review and confirmation by 14 experts, 5 primary and 23 secondary key factors were verified. By using the DEMATEL method, we identified ＂hearing＂ as the crucial factor primarily influencing other factors; ＂taste＂ was found to the most significant key factor influenced by other factors. The AHP results showed ＂presbyopia＂, ＂age-related hearing loss＂, ＂threatened living safety＂, ＂difficulty swallowing＂, and ＂sense of balance＂ yielded the highest weighting in the dimensions of ＂vision＂, ＂hearing＂, ＂sense of smell＂, ＂taste＂, and ＂somatosensory＂, respectively. Finally, these results were summarized and a decision-making model was developed.

並列關鍵字

older adults ； physiological senses ； mind mapping ； Modified Delphi Method ； Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) ； Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)