失智症家庭照顧者人口特質、社會支持需求與長期照顧服務需求之關係初探

Exploratory Study of the Impact of Demographics, Social Support Needs, and Long-term Care Needs with Regard to Family Caregivers for Older Adults with Dementia

曾煥裕(Tseng, H.-Y.)

《福祉科技與服務管理學刊》 8卷2期 (2020/06) Pp. 148-176

https://doi.org/10.6283/JOCSG.202006_8(2).148

摘要

本研究目的在探討失智症長者之家庭照顧者的人口特質與其社會支持需求在長者接受居家照顧、醫療費用補助與居家護理等三項社區式長期照顧服務需求之關係。研究資料來自北部某縣市政府針對失智老人與其家庭照顧者需求及問題所做的問卷調查。本研究選取171位家庭照顧者的問卷資料，並使用描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、卡方檢定、皮爾森積差相關與迴歸分析等研究方法，進行相關統計檢定。研究發現，居家照顧服務的需求、醫療費用補助的需求、及居家護理服務的需求均顯著地與社會支持類型中實質性支持需求及情緒性支持需求有正相關，亦即，實質性支持需求越高、情緒性支持需求越高的家庭照顧者，長者使用此三項長照服務的需求也越高。相反地，社會支持類型的訊息性支持需求與居家護理服務需求則呈現顯著負相關。研究進一步發現，即使在考量家庭照顧者的人口特質情況下，社會支持的需求依然強烈地與此三項長期照顧服務的需求有顯著相關。針對研究發現，本文建議日後政府在思考失智症相關的長期照顧服務的需求與對象時，除失智者本身的因素應該考慮之外，也應將家庭照顧者的社會支持需求列為重要參考。

關鍵字

失智老人 ； 社會支持需求 ； 長期照顧服務需求 ； 家庭照顧者 ； 照顧需求

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to explore impact of demographic characteristics of the main caregivers of the older adults with dementia, their social support needs and three community-based long-term care service needs: home care, medical cost subsidies and home nursing care which is hoped the government could provide. The data were collected from a questionnaire conducted by a municipal government in northern Taiwan on the needs and problems of the older adults with dementia and their main caregivers. The questionnaire results was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square test, Pearson product-difference correlation, and regression analysis. It was found that the needs of home care services, medical cost subsidy and home nursing care services were positively correlated with the needs of tangible and emotional support. In other words, the higher the demand for tangible and emotional support, the higher the demand for those services. On the contrary, the demand for information support is negatively correlated with the demand for home nursing care services. The study further found that even when the demographic characteristics of the main caregivers are controlled, the demands for social supports are still strongly correlated with the needs of these three long-term care services. According to the findings, this paper suggests that the government should take the social support needs of the main caregivers as an important factor when considering the needs and targets of long-term care services related to dementia older adults in the future.

並列關鍵字

social support ； dementia in older adults ； caregiver ； long term care service needs ； care needs