大陸競技體育舉國體制的歷史發展與展望

本文回顧了學者們對大陸體育舉國體制理解的幾種觀點，根據中國社會、經濟和國際地位的不斷攀升以及重大政治時間脈絡，梳理了大陸競技體育舉國體制發展歷史，並討論了今後大陸競技體育舉國體制的改革路徑。研究認為：（一）大陸競技體育舉國體制在存在形態的分類上持有四種不同觀點，分別是計畫論與市場論、粗放論與集約論、整體論和項目論、正名論和慎用論；（二）舉國體制是在諸如突發戰爭、災難危機、政治運動及重大戰略等社會背景下產生的，將競技體育視為特殊行業可廣義定義競技體育舉國體制，將競技體育當作重大專案可狹義定義競技體育舉國體制。（三）大陸競技體育舉國體制的歷史發展可分為六個時期，分別為萌芽期、形成期、過渡期、調整期、改革期、完善期；（四）今後大陸競技體育舉國體制的改革路徑至少有三條可供參考，分別叫做革命路徑、保守路徑、再造路徑。

關鍵字

競技體育；舉國體制；歷史；展望

並列摘要

According to the rising social, economic and international status of Mainland and the major political time-series, this paper reviews the development history of the national system of athletics in mainland China and discusses the future development of the reform path of the national system of competitive sports in mainland China. Based on my study, I made the following three conclusions. Firstly, there're four views on the classification of the existing form of our national athletic sports system, which consists of planning theory and market theory, extensive theory and intensive theory, holism and project theory, theory of rectifying names and theory of caution. Secondly, The national athletic sports system is produced in such social background as sudden war, disaster crisis, political movement and major strategy. As a special industry, national athletic sports system can be defined in a broad sense, and as a major item, national athletic sports system can be defined in a narrow sense. Thirdly, the history of our national athletic sports system can be divided into six periods, including infancy, formation, transition, adjustment, reforming and perfecting stage. there remain at least three ways of reforming our national athletic sports system in future for reference, which are revolutionary path, conservative path and reconstructive path.