滑雪運動參與者心流體驗、學習情緒與技能表現之關聯性研究

目的：本研究旨在探究一門大學體育課程中，學生學習滑雪時的心流體驗、情緒感受以及技能表現間的關係，並檢視不同挑戰難度下心流體驗及學習情緒流轉的情形。方法：本研究以19名體育系學生為研究對象，先進行5週（每週2小時）直排輪課程，接著進行5週直排輪模擬雙板滑雪技能學習以及3週的草地滑雪基礎技能練習，最後安排至日本山形縣藏王雪場進行三天教學。研究者以自編滑雪心流量表及學習情緒問卷為研究工具，請學生每天針對個人學習狀況填寫，並於第三天檢測學生滑雪技能表現。所得資料以描述統計、皮爾森積差相關、重複量數單因子變異數分析進行統計考驗。結果：滑雪學習中參與者的心流體驗與正向情緒有顯著的正相關，與負向情緒則有顯著的負相關。不論作為技能表現的先行因素或是後隨結果，學習者的心流體驗或情緒感受與滑雪技能表現多有顯著相關。隨著滑雪場域挑戰難度及滑雪技能精進，學習者在三天中有顯著變動的心流體驗與正向情緒，皆呈現逐漸升高或先降再升的型態。結論：心流體驗、學習情緒與滑雪技能表現之間有相當程度的關聯性；在學習挑戰難度改變的過程中，心流體驗與情緒感受亦隨之變動。

關鍵字

冒險教育；動作技能；高峰經驗

並列摘要

Purpose: To explore the relationship among students' flow experiences, affective states, and skiing performance, and to examine the dynamic nature of affective states and flow experiences under different difficulty levels, 19 students of a college level inline-skate-plus-ski course were recruited in the study. Method: Those 19 novice skiers first learned in-line skating for 10 hours in 5 weeks, and then learned skiing in simulation with in-line skates for 10 hours in 5 weeks. Students further learned some skiing basics for 6 hours before went to Japan for a 3-day skiing camp. During each day of the camp, data on their flow experiences and affective states were collected with scales developed by the researchers, while their skiing performances were video-taped and evaluated on the last day of the camp. Results: It was found that, flow experiences were correlated significantly and positively with positively affective states and negatively with negative affective states. Flow experiences and affective states both correlated with skiing performance significantly, either as precedent or consequence of skiing performance. While the challenge and skiing skills progressed daily, students' affective states and flow experiences changed dynamically in patterns either getting stronger each day or going down on the second day then bouncing back on the third day. Conclusion: The significant relationships among the flow experiences, affective states, and performance of skiing learners are manifested. Students' positive affective states and flow experiences both peaked on the last day of the 3-day skiing camp when the slope was most demanding.

並列關鍵字

adventure education ； motor skill ； optimal experience

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滑雪運動參與者心流體驗、學習情緒與技能表現之關聯性研究

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